Deconstructing Binary Race and Sex Categories: A Comparison of the Multiracial and Transgendered Experience

Millions of people are transgendered and cannot easily be categorized as either male or female. Similarly, millions of people are multiracial and cannot be classified as being of one distinct race. Race classification systems have existed for centuries and have been the subject of extensive commentary and critique for decades. Sex and gender classification systems, on the other hand, have just started to become the subject of litigation in the last half of the twentieth century and it is only during the last decade that sex classification systems have become the topic of extensive scholarly discussion

You Can\u27t Take It with You: Constitutional Consequences of Interstate Gender-Identity Rulings

Recent U.S. decisions establishing a person\u27s legal sex have adopted a kaleidoscope of approaches that range from the procreative (a man must be able to fertilize ovum and beget offspring, while a woman must be able to produce ova and bear offspring), to the religious (gender is immutably fixed by our Creator at birth), to the scientific (gender itself is a fact that may be established by medical and other evidence). Under current laws and state court rulings, a male-to-female transsex person is legally a woman in approximately one-half of the states and legally a man in the other half. This Article discusses the constitutional implications of these varied approaches to determining a person\u27s legal sex. It concludes that states that refuse to recognize a transsex person\u27s sex as indicated on an amended birth certificate from a sister state violate principles of full faith and credit and unconstitutionally infringe upon the right to travel under the Dormant Commerce Clause. In addition, when states impose tests that are based on gender stereotypes and force people to live as the sex that conflicts with their self-identified sex, they violate the Fourteenth Amendment\u27s equal protection and substantive due process mandates

Beyond the Binary: What Can Feminists Learn from Intersex Transgender Jurisprudence

Our panel will be discussing recent developments in the intersex and transsexual communities. The transsexual community began to organize in the 1970s, but did not fully develop into a vibrant movement until the 1990s. The intersex movement was born in the mid-1990s and has rapidly developed a strong and influential voice. Recently, both movements have undergone profound changes and each has provided new and unique theoretical perspectives that can potentially benefit other social justice groups. The purpose of our dialogue today is to describe these developments and explore how feminists could potentially benefit from the theoretical frameworks that are being advanced by the intersex and transsexual communities

Interactive design of complex time-dependent lighting

Visualizing complicated lighting sequences while designing large theatrical productions proves difficult. The author provides some techniques that achieve fast interaction regardless of scene and lighting complexity, even when used with costly rendering algorithms

Medical Care and Procompetitive Reform

It is not the purpose of this Article to reject all features of procompetitive proposals. Competitive health plans, multiple health plan choice, provider and consumer cost consciousness, and antitrust activity all may have some place in a larger strategy to rationalize the medical care system. Each of the proposals has some advantages in terms of increasing consumer choice and altering the balance of power between existing actors. As an approach to universal medical care system reform, however, competition alone is inadequate. In fact, one could argue that the most technically feasible way to both rationalize the medical care system and reduce total societal expenditures on health would be to nationalize a public budget for health care and to pass the total costs of medical care through the political budgetary process. Total societal costs might actually be reduced by increasing the program costs to government, as long as public authority is, as in Canada, adequately increased. The centralization of regulatory and allocative decisions could well result in a more suitably restrained form of American medicine. That, however, is a discussion about the alter-natives to procompetitive proposals, rather than the problems of procompetitive proposals, and is therefore beyond the scope of this Article

Intra-Professional Mobility Between Public and Academic Libraries: An Exploration of Trends and Barriers to Mobility

This study examines the myths surrounding intra-professional mobility between public and academic libraries by analyzing data from the Workforce Issues in Library and Information Science (WILIS) I career survey to determine how many librarians have moved professionally between the two environments. Examining responses from librarians who have held positions in public libraries, but no academic libraries; academic libraries but no public libraries; and those who have held positions in both environments, this study attempts to construct a more concrete understanding of the actual professional movements of librarians, and some insight into the barriers, if any, to this transition. By developing an evidence-based picture of the professional movements of practicing librarians, librarians just entering the field and those considering a career change will be able to make more informed decisions in choosing their first and subsequent professional environments

Standardization of Postoperative Care Guidelines for Pediatric Cleft Palate Patients

At a large, community-based pediatric hospital in Southern California, a quality improvement project commenced with a goal to improve patient outcomes by decreasing length of stay and pain levels, while increasing toleration of feeds. Implementing a standardized guideline would ensure safe practice across the continuum and allow providers to use a systematic tool for postoperative care, including nursing care interventions and medications. The Root-Cause-Analysis tool was used to assess the microsystem and determine the contributing factors to the identified problem. A SWOT analysis was then performed, followed by a plan to collect data from all pediatric cleft palate procedures performed at the hospital within the last year. The data collected included all necessary actions that took place upon patient’s exit from surgery. Patient exclusion criteria included PICU admits and those with cleft palate repair resulting from injury. The patients that fell within the exclusion criteria were excluded due to the increased risk and complications that these conditions bear. Considerations for care guideline use include: congenital abnormalities of the heart, brain, or gastrointestinal system as well as those with hematology or oncology conditions and developmental delays. Research was then performed on the patient information found from chart audits, in order to verify the best practices following postoperative cleft palate repair. Ultimately, research on the impact of care guidelines on postoperative cleft palate repair versus physician preference yielded a recommendation for the development of standardized care guidelines, however, the results showed that additional steps are needed to evaluate the results of this implementation on length of stay, pain levels, and time of first tolerated feed

Is a Sense of Inequity an Ancestral Primate Trait? Testing Social Inequity in Cotton Top Tamarins

To address a controversy in the literature concerning whether monkeys show an aversion to inequity, individuals of a New World monkey species, cotton top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) were tested in an offering task and in a bartering task. At issue was whether the monkeys rejected rewards because of a violation of expectancy of the preferred reward, or whether they rejected rewards because of a sensitivity to socially mediated inequity. The data from both tasks indicated that the subjects were more likely to reject when preferred rewards were presented, either because of another animal eating the reward (the social condition) or because of rewards being presented but inaccessible. The bartering task led to the only behavioral indication of aversion due specifically to social inequity, which was demonstrated when tamarins’ sensitivity to the difference in rewards increased with exposure to other tamarins working to receive the preferred rewards. The results suggest that social inequity aversion will be assessed by tamarins, and possibly by other primates, only under conditions of limited resources and a requirement of work, which may make the situation a bit more competitive and thus drives attention toward both social and reward evaluatio

The Impact of CS for All on College Placement in Computer Science

With the CS for All movement increasingly gaining traction nationally, students entering colleges and universities are arriving with deeper and broader CS experiences. This in turn can change students\u27 higher education starting point. This panel of CS faculty with expertise in this area will present perspectives and models to describe how higher education choices for placement, credit, and curriculum design affect the efforts to broaden participation in student pathways into computing and related studies