Minority governments and party politics: the political and institutional background to the "Danish Miracle"

"In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten ist die Zahl der Standardisierungsorganisationen im Bereich der Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnik rasch gewachsen. Neben neuen offiziellen Organisationen auf der regionalen Ebene sind viele private Konsortien und Foren entstanden, die sich mit den bestehenden nationalen und internationalen Organisationen ergänzen oder auch mit ihnen konkurrieren. Die Landschaft der Standardisierungsorganisationen und die Beziehungen zwischen ihnen werden untersucht und zudem die institutionellen Faktoren aufgezeigt, die dazu beitragen, dass Kompetenzkonflikte relativ selten auftreten und nicht sehr intensiv sind. Die institutionellen Merkmale kanalisieren nicht nur das Verhalten der Standardisierungsorganisationen untereinander, sie beeinflussen auch Geschwindigkeit, Exklusivität, Kosten und Marktakzeptanz der Standardisierung und leiten damit die Entscheidung der Unternehmen, an welche Organisation sie sich mit einem Standardisierungsproblem wenden." (Autorenreferat)"Standardization organizations in the area of information and telecommunications technology have mushroomed in the last two decades. In addition to new official organizations at the regional level, many private consortiums and forums have been set up that complement and compete with the incumbent national and international organizations. The organizational landscape and the relations between the standardization organizations are examined, and institutional reasons that could explain why the frequency and intensity of jurisdictional conflicts has remained low are considered. Institutional features do not only frame a standardization organization's behavior toward other organizations, they also account for speed, exclusiveness, costs and market acceptance of standardization and thus influence firms' decisions as to which organization to turn to with a standards issue." (author's abstract

The politics of justification: party competition and welfare-state retrenchment in Denmark and the Netherlands from 1982 to 1998

The Politics of Justification is an investigation of welfare retrenchment in Denmark and the Netherlands, 1982-1998. Welfare retrenchment is politically highly controversial, but still governments do retrench. This book argues that governments can implement retrenchment if they can achieve a party political consensus allowing them to frame retrenchment in a way that makes it seems justified to the electorate. In the Netherlands, such a consensus emerged in the mid 1980s due to the power of the CDA. It has allowed Dutch government to implement a number of welfare retrenchments. In Denmark, a consensus did not emerge until the Social Democratic Party re-entered government in 1993 explaining why the Danish welfare state has seen less retrenchment than the Dutch one. With its focus on the strategies of the political parties, the book differs from many other studies of the subject focusing on the role of political institutions

Det danske pensionssystems endelige udformning. Kampen om pensionssystemet under Schlüter-regeringerne

The final answer to the question of pensions in Denmark The struggle over pension models during the Schlüter governments, 1982-1993Based on interviews and archival public and private sources the policies of and negotiations between the government, leading political parties, and employers' and workers' organisations have been reconstructed. The Danish pension system was not conclusively established in the 195os and 196os, and during the 197os and early 198os the question of large-scale labour union controlled pension funds was raised. The centre-right governments of Poul Schlüter (1982-1993) succeeded in thwarting these attempts, and by 1991 a system emerged which combined a basic universal tax-financed pay-as-you- go pension system with decentralised pension funds based on contributions from employers and workers. The Danish pension system thus differs from both the other Scandinavian and European systems of income-related contribution-based pas-as-you-go systems. The new pension system also differs from the traditional Danish welfare-state system, based on universal and equal tax-financed pensions. And it may be interpreted as a deviation from the Social Democratic welfare model.This transition was not only ideologically motivated. It seemed impossible to increase the already very high Danish taxes in order to tax-finance a new pension system, and a tax-financed universal system would have collided with the existing, mostly middle-class pension schemes, based on savings. In fact, the Social Democrats and the labour unions accepted the new system, and this appears inevitable in view of the long-term development. It should be noted that the new system also differed from the liberal intentions of at least part of the centre-right government. Liberals would have preferred more stress on private savings and company based pension funds

Det danske partisystem mellem kontinuitet og forandring

Da Jordskredsvalget ramte det danske partisystem i december 1973, var det nærliggende at se det som begyndelsen til enden for det danske partisystem i den udgave, som det havde haft siden etableringen af det parlamentariske demokrati. Det lå lige for at se Jordskredsvalget som et punktum på det klassiske danske firepartisystem og en vigtig del af en større krise for det danske politiske system (jf. Svensson, 1996). Nu er der gået næsten 50 år. Nye partier er kommet til, nogle er forsvundet igen, nye emner er blevet vigtige. Det omgivende samfund i form af medier, vælgere og interessegrupper har også forandret sig drastisk. Alligevel udviser det danske partisystem en kontinuitet, som mange nok ikke havde forventet efter Jordskredsvalget. Det danske partisystem har bestemt ikke været statisk siden 1973, men det har bevaret nogle vigtige, grundlæggende træk. Formålet med denne artikel er at undersøge forandring og kontinuitet i det danske partisystem i perioden siden Jordskredsvalget, med speciel fokus på de seneste 25 år

Blokpolitik og nye politiske emner. Hvordan går det med samarbejdsmønstrene i Folketinget?

Artiklen diskuterer indledningsvis udviklingen i graden af blokpolitik fra 1973 og frem til i dag, hvorefter den undersøger, i hvilket omfang lovgivningsarbejdet nu er præget af ny- og gammelpolitik. Hvor forskelligt placerer partierne sig i lovafstemningerne på de to områder? Er der forskel på graden af blokpolitik på ny- og gammelpolitik? Artiklen undersøger årene 2007-2017 og viser, at der ikke er kommet rod i blokkene. Ingen partier har på nogen af områderne flyttet sig ind mellem partier i den anden blok på hverken ny- eller gammelpolitik, men et endimensionalt perspektiv er udfordret – til tider væsentligt udfordret – af forskellige partiplaceringer på de to områder inden for blokkene. En analyse af graden af blokpolitik på ny- og gammelpolitik viser endvidere, at der ikke er væsentlig forskel på graden af blokpolitik på de to områder