The development of Eucalyptus as a medicine

A content analysis of 1,440 articles containing references to Eucalyptus from the Pharmaceutical Journal, British Medical Journal and The Lancet (1800-1970) was undertaken. This gave an overview of both numerical and textual data regarding the development of this plant-based therapeutic into conventional medicine, especially regarding: publication trends (peak output 1877-1913), its indicative uses, formulations, administration approaches, safety and species used. From this, a narrative was formed. Key findings included its widespread use as an antiseptic essential oil, an action similar to current ‘folk’ use but differing to the official recommended uses by the European Medicines Agency. Adverse events comprised mild transient skin irritation from external use. 12 accidental poisonings were reported from drinking the essential oil (with 3 death outcomes). In addition, the journals reported a wider range of species used compared to the three officially listed today. The species officially settled on (E.globulus) was influenced by agro-economic factors rather than being the most medicinal. This research is showing there may be benefit in revisiting the Eucalyptus genus (containing >700 species) in the search for novel antimicrobials in light of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance

Performance evaluation of wheels for lunar vehicles

Performance evaluation of wheels for lunar vehicle

Momentum Analyticity and Finiteness of the 1-Loop Superstring Amplitude

The Type II Superstring amplitude to 1-loop order is given by an integral of $\vartheta$-functions over the moduli space of tori, which diverges for real momenta. We construct the analytic continuation which renders this amplitude well defined and finite, and we find the expected poles and cuts in the complex momentum plane.Comment: 10pp, /UCLA/93/TEP/

Disturbances in the spontaneous attribution of social meaning in schizophrenia

Background. Schizophrenia patients show disturbances on a range of tasks that assess mentalizing or 'Theory of Mind' (ToM). However, these tasks are often developmentally inappropriate, make large demands on verbal abilities and explicit problem-solving skills, and involve after-the-fact reflection as opposed to spontaneous mentalizing. Method. To address these limitations, 55 clinically stable schizophrenia out-patients and 44 healthy controls completed a validated Animations Task designed to assess spontaneous attributions of social meaning to ambiguous abstract visual stimuli. In this paradigm, 12 animations depict two geometric shapes' interacting' with each other in three conditions: (1) ToM interactions that elicit attributions of mental states to the agents, (2) Goal-Directed (GO) interactions that elicit attributions of simple actions, and (3) Random scenes in which no interaction occurs. Verbal descriptions of each animation are rated for the degree of Intentionality attributed to the agents and for accuracy. Results. Patients had lower Intentionality ratings than controls for ToM and GO scenes but the groups did not significantly differ for Random scenes. The descriptions of the patients less closely matched the situations intended by the developers of the task. Within the schizophrenia group, performance on the Animations Task showed minimal associations with clinical symptoms. Conclusions. Patients demonstrated disturbances in the spontaneous attribution of mental states to abstract visual stimuli that normally evoke such attributions. Hence, in addition to previously established impairment on mentalizing tasks that require logical inferences about others' mental states, individuals with schizophrenia show disturbances in implicit aspects of mentalizing

Quasi-isotropic spacecraft antenna system Final report

Spacecraft quasi-isotropic antenna system for space telemetr

Dispersion Relations in String Theory

We analyze the analytic continuation of the formally divergent one-loop amplitude for scattering of the graviton multiplet in the Type II Superstring. In particular we obtain explicit double and single dispersion relations, formulas for all the successive branch cuts extending out to plus infinity, as well as for the decay rate of a massive string state of arbitrary mass 2N into two string states of lower mass. We compare our results with the box diagram in a superposition of $\phi^3$-like field theories. The stringy effects are traced to a convergence problem in this superposition.Comment: 17 pages, COLUMBIA-YITP-UCLA/93/TEP/45 (figures fixed up