Empleo de la Biotecnología vegetal para la propagación de cactáceas amenazadas

The quick readiness of postures for the restoration of the vegetable cover in a degraded ecosystem constitutes one of the main factors in the ecological restoration programs. The in vitro tissue culture techniques are attractive for the propagation of threatened species, due to the discharges multiplication rates that are gotten in a relatively short time and to the reduced required departure material and from this point of view it is considered to the cactaceae like the family more worked. Cuba has a wide vascular flora, in which stand out diverse cactuses goods, but the same as other countries of the tropic have a great destruction of their habitat due to the man’s devastating action, so that the development of alternative techniques as tissue culture can help to counteract the loss of the biodiversity in the Cuban flora.Key word: micropropagation, extinction danger, biodiversity conservation, in vitro tissue cultureLa rápida disponibilidad de posturas para la restauración de la cubierta vegetal en un ecosistema degradado, constituye uno de los principales factores que influye en los programas de restauración ecológica. Las técnicas de cultivo de tejidos resultan atractivas para la propagación de especies amenazadas, debido a las altas tasas de multiplicación que se obtienen y al reducido material vegetal de partida requerido y se considera a las cactáceas como la familia más trabajada desde este punto de vista. El empleo de citoquininas, preferentemente el 6-BAP durante la etapa de multiplicación permite la obtención de nuevos brotes, cuyo número depende de la especie en cuestión y de la concentración en que se utilice este regulador del crecimiento. La fase de enraizamiento se logra con relativa facilidad cuando se emplean medios de cultivos simples generalmente sin reguladores del crecimiento. Cuba tiene una amplia flora vascular, en la cual se destacan diversos géneros de cactáceas, pero al igual que otros países del trópico tiene una gran destrucción de sus hábitat debido a la acción devastadora del hombre, es por ello que el desarrollo de técnicas alternativas como el cultivo de tejidos in vitro pueden ayudar a contrarrestar la pérdida de esta biodiversidad.Palabras clave: micropropagación, peligro de extinción, conservación de biodiversidad, cultivo in vitr

Establecimiento in vitro de Erythroxilum echinodendron

In the areas of serpentines live wild species whose propagation for traditional roads is not possible because they present problems in the germination of the seeds under nursery conditions. The main objective of this work was to achieve the establishment in vitro of Erythroxilum echynodendron, in order to increase the number of available postures for the restoration in the administrative unit “El Recreo” located in the protected area Cubanacán. For the in vitro establishment of the seeds the effect of a Sodium Hypochlorite solution (2.0% NaOCl) during different times of disinfection (15, 20, 25 min.) was studied. Whole seeds and seeds which the embryonic sack with embryo inside (the pericarp and the endosperm were moved away) were sowed in the culture medium composed by 50% of the MS salts and 2.0% of sucrose. The bigger percentage of seeds free of microbial pollutants (60%) was achieved when the treatment with 2.0% of NaOCL during 25 minutes was used. The biggest percentage of germinated seeds (80.7%) was achieved when the embryonic sack with the embryo inside was sowed in the culture medium.Key words: Tissue culture, threatened species, biodiversity conservation, cuabal, endemic speciesEn las áreas de serpentinitas viven especies silvestres cuya propagación por vías tradicionales es poco factible, porque presentan problemas en la germinación de las semillas en condiciones de vivero. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue lograr el establecimiento in vitro de Erythroxilum echinodendron, para contribuir a incrementar el número de posturas disponibles para la restauración en la unidad administrativa “El Recreo” perteneciente al área protegida Cubanacán, en Santa Clara, Cuba. Para el establecimiento de las semillas se estudió el efecto de una solución de Hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 2.0% durante diferentes tiempos de desinfección (15, 20, 25 min.). Se sembraron semillas enteras y semillas a las cuales se les retiró el pericarpio y el endospermo y se sembró solamente el embrión cigótico con el saco embrionario en el medio de cultivo compuesto por el 50% de las sales MS complementado con 2.0% de sacarosa. El mayor porcentaje de semillas libres de contaminantes microbianos visibles (60%) se obtuvo cuando se utilizó el tratamiento con 2.0% de NaOCl durante 25 minutos. El menor tiempo de germinación, así como el mayor porcentaje de semillas germinadas (80.7%) se logró cuando se sembró el saco embrionario con el embrión cigótico en el medio de cultivo.Palabras clave: cultivo de tejidos, especie amenazada, conservación de biodiversidad, cuabal, especie endémic

Establecimiento in vitro de Eugenia squarrosa: una especie endémica de Santa Clara (Cuba) en peligro de extinción

The tissue culture techniques can be supplemented with others that are carried out in the cultivation in situ and being applied in combined way to give solution to the extinction of different species. Eugenia squarrosa (Ekman Urban) it is an endemic species of Cuba in extinction danger due to the urbanization of their natural habitat, which have been reduced to a few hectares. The aim of this work was to achieve the establishment in vitro of this species. Seeds and young branches were collected starting from plants in its natural habitat. The effect of three concentrations of NaOCl (2.0, 2.5, 3.0%) during 20 minutes in the disinfection of the seeds was studied. For the disinfection of the buds a treatment with alcohol to 70% was used during two minutes previously to the disinfection with NaOCl. The effect of three concentrations of this NaOCl was studied (1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) during 10 minutes. The present microbiota was characterized in the contaminated branch. The 100% of disinfection of the seeds was achieved in all the treatments studied. The bigger explants percentage free of contaminant (88.6%) was obtained in the treatment with 3% of NaOCl. However the biggest percentage of survival (45.7%) was obtained when 2.0% of NaOCl was used. The establishment in vitro of the species was achieved starting from seeds and buds collected of field plants.Key Words: biodiversity, micropropagation, threatened speciesLas técnicas de cultivo de tejidos pueden complementarse con otras que se realizan en el cultivo in situ y ser aplicadas de forma combinada para dar solución a la extinción de diferentes especies de plantas. Eugenia squarrosa (Ekman Urban) es una especie endémica de Cuba en peligro de extinción, debido a la urbanización que han sufrido sus hábitat naturales, los cuales han sido reducidos a pocas hectáreas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo lograr el establecimiento in vitro de esta especie, para lo cual se utilizaron semillas y ramas jóvenes colectadas a partir de plantas en su hábitat natural. Se estudió el efecto de tres concentraciones de NaOCl (2.0, 2.5, 3.0%) durante 20 minutos en la desinfección de las semillas. Para este mismo propósito, en el caso de los esquejes, se utilizó un tratamiento previo con alcohol al 70% y se evaluó el efecto de tres concentraciones de NaOCl (1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) durante un tiempo de desinfección de 10 minutos. Se caracterizó además, la micobiota presente en los esquejes contaminados. Se logró el 100% de desinfección de las semillas en todos los tratamientos estudiados. El mayor porcentaje de esquejes libres de contaminantes visibles (88.6%) se obtuvo en el tratamiento donde se utilizó 3% de NaOCl, sin embargo el mayor porcentaje de supervivencia (45.7%) se obtuvo cuando se utilizó 2% de NaOCl. Se logró el establecimiento in vitro de la especie a partir de semillas y de brotes colectados de plantas de campo.Palabras clave: biodiversidad, especie amenazada, micropropagació

Propagación in vitro de Pilosocereus sp.

This work was carried out with the objective to establish the necessary cultivation conditions for the multiplication in vitro of Pilosocereus sp. Seeds from mature fruits collected under field conditions were used. The effect of three concentration of NaOCl (1.5, 2.0, 2.5%) in the disinfection of the seeds was studied, as well as the influence of three salts concentration Murashige-Skoog, (MS) (25, 50, 75%) on the germination of the same ones. During the multiplication phase the influence of three concentration of bencilaminopurine (1.0, 2.0 y 3.0 mg l-1) in the culture medium was evaluated. The 100% of seeds free of microbial pollutants was achieved when the 1.5% NaOCl during 10 minutes was used. The biggest germination percentage was achieved in a culture medium with 25% of salts MS (88.5%). For the multiplication of plants the best results were reached when 1.0 mg l-1 of 6-BAP was used and a multiplication coefficient of 2.28 units was obtained. The 100% of plants develop root in a simple culture medium Murashige-Skoog (MS) without regulators of growth. During the acclimatization phase the 88.7% of survival was reached.Key words: biodiversity, cactus, micropropagation, threatened speciesEste trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de establecer las condiciones de cultivo necesarias para la propagación in vitro de Pilosocereus sp. Se utilizaron como material vegetal de partida semillas de frutos maduros colectados en condiciones de campo. Se estudió el efecto de tres concentraciones de Hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) (1.5, 2.0, 2.5%) en la desinfección de las semillas, así como la influencia de tres concentraciones de las sales Murashige-Skoog, (MS) (25, 50, 75%) sobre la germinación de las mismas. Durante la fase de multiplicación se evaluó el efecto de tres concentraciones de 6 Bencilaminopurina (6 BAP) (1.0, 2.0 y 3.0 mg .l-1), las plantas fueron enraizadas en un medio de cultivo MS, complementado con 1.0 mg.l-1 y 2% de sacarosa. Se aclimatizaron las plantas obtenidas in vitro. Se logró el 100% de semillas libres de contaminantes microbianos visibles cuando se utilizó el NaOCl al 1.5% durante 10 minutos. El mayor porcentaje de germinación se obtuvo en un medio de cultivo con 25% de sales MS (88.5%). En la multiplicación de los explantes el mejor resultado se alcanzó con 1.0 mg l-1 de 6 BAP, con un coeficiente de multiplicación de 2.28 unidades. El 100% de los cactus emitieron raíces en un medio de cultivo MS sin reguladores del crecimiento. En la fase de aclimatización el porcentaje de supervivencia fue de 88.7%.Palabras clave: biodiversidad, cactus, especie amenazada, micropropagació

Use of plant biotechnology for the propagation of threaten cataceas.

The quick readiness of postures for the restoration of the vegetable cover in a degraded ecosystem constitutes one of the main factors in the ecological restoration programs. The in vitro tissue culture techniques are attractive for the propagation of threatened species, due to the discharges multiplication rates that are gotten in a relatively short time and to the reduced required departure material and from this point of view it is considered to the cactaceae like the family more worked. Cuba has a wide vascular flora, in which stand out diverse cactuses goods, but the same as other countries of the tropic have a great destruction of their habitat due to the man’s devastating action, so that the development of alternative techniques as tissue culture can help to counteract the loss of the biodiversity in the Cuban flora. Key word: micropropagation, extinction danger, biodiversity conservation, in vitro tissue cultur

In vitro establishment of Erythroxilum echinodendro

In the areas of serpentines live wild species whose propagation for traditional roads is not possible because they present problems in the germination of the seeds under nursery conditions. The main objective of this work was to achieve the establishment in vitro of Erythroxilum echynodendron, in order to increase the number of available postures for the restoration in the administrative unit “El Recreo” located in the protected area Cubanacán. For the in vitro establishment of the seeds the effect of a Sodium Hypochlorite solution (2.0% NaOCl) during different times of disinfection (15, 20, 25 min.) was studied. Whole seeds and seeds which the embryonic sack with embryo inside (the pericarp and the endosperm were moved away) were sowed in the culture medium composed by 50% of the MS salts and 2.0% of sucrose. The bigger percentage of seeds free of microbial pollutants (60%) was achieved when the treatment with 2.0% of NaOCL during 25 minutes was used. The biggest percentage of germinated seeds (80.7%) was achieved when the embryonic sack with the embryo inside was sowed in the culture medium. Key words: Tissue culture, threatened species, biodiversity conservation, cuabal, endemic specie

In vitro establishment and multiplication of Guettarda clarense, a Cuban endemic species in extinction danger

The present work was carried out with the objective of achieving the in vitro establishment and multiplication of Guettarda clarense which is an endemic local of Santa Clara city and it is considered in extinction danger. Seeds of mature fruits collected under field conditions were used. The effect of a concentration of NaOCl (2%) during 15, 20 and 25 minutes in the disinfection of the seeds was studied. The seeds were sowed in a culture medium of germination compound by 50% of MS salts. During the multiplication phase of the explants, the effect of three concentrations of 6-BAP (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg. l-1) was studied. The culture medium was compound by the MS salts, 1.0 mg. l-1 of thiamine and 3% of sucrose. The bigger number of seeds free of visible microbial pollutants (50%) was obtained when the treatment with 2.0% of NaOCl during 25 minutes was used. The 85% of the seeds germinated in the culture medium compound by the 50% of the MS salts without growth regulators. During the multiplication phase of the explants, the multiplication coefficient and the longitude of the plants were increased in the same proportion as the concentration of 6-BAP was increased. The highest values were obtained (6.1 explants and 6.7 cm respectively) in the treatment with 0.6 mg. l-1. Key words: cuabal, in vitro culture, micropropagation, threatened specie

In vitro establishment of Eugenia squarrose: an endemic species in danger of extinction from Santa Clara (Cuba)

The tissue culture techniques can be supplemented with others that are carried out in the cultivation in situ and being applied in combined way to give solution to the extinction of different species. Eugenia squarrosa (Ekman & Urban) it is an endemic species of Cuba in extinction danger due to the urbanization of their natural habitat, which have been reduced to a few hectares. The aim of this work was to achieve the establishment in vitro of this species. Seeds and young branches were collected starting from plants in its natural habitat. The effect of three concentrations of NaOCl (2.0, 2.5, 3.0%) during 20 minutes in the disinfection of the seeds was studied. For the disinfection of the buds a treatment with alcohol to 70% was used during two minutes previously to the disinfection with NaOCl. The effect of three concentrations of this NaOCl was studied (1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) during 10 minutes. The present microbiota was characterized in the contaminated branch. The 100% of disinfection of the seeds was achieved in all the treatments studied. The bigger explants percentage free of contaminant (88.6%) was obtained in the treatment with 3% of NaOCl. However the biggest percentage of survival (45.7%) was obtained when 2.0% of NaOCl was used. The establishment in vitro of the species was achieved starting from seeds and buds collected of field plants. Key Words: biodiversity, micropropagation, threatened specie