329 research outputs found
Scaling of spontaneous rotation with temperature and plasma current in tokamaks
Using theoretical arguments, a simple scaling law for the size of the
intrinsic rotation observed in tokamaks in the absence of momentum injection is
found: the velocity generated in the core of a tokamak must be proportional to
the ion temperature difference in the core divided by the plasma current,
independent of the size of the device. The constant of proportionality is of
the order of . When the
intrinsic rotation profile is hollow, i.e. it is counter-current in the core of
the tokamak and co-current in the edge, the scaling law presented in this
Letter fits the data remarkably well for several tokamaks of vastly different
size and heated by different mechanisms.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Kinetic equations for thermal degradation of polymers
Kinetic equations are analyzed for thermal degradation of polymers. The
governing relations are based on the fragmentation-annihilation concept.
Explicit solutions to these equations are derived in two particular cases of
interest. For arbitrary values of adjustable parameters, the evolution of the
number-average and mass-average molecular weights of polymers is analyzed
numerically. Good agreement is demonstrated between the results of numerical
simulation and experimental data. It is revealed that the model can correctly
predict observations in thermo-gravimetric tests when its parameters are
determined by matching experimental data for the decrease in molecular weight
with exposure time
Neutralino relic density in supersymmetric GUTs with no-scale boundary conditions above the unification scale
We investigate SU(5) and SO(10) GUTs with vanishing scalar masses and
trilinear scalar couplings at a scale higher than the unification scale. The
parameter space of the models, further constrained by b-\tau Yukawa coupling
unification, consists of a common gaugino mass and of \tan\beta. We analyze the
low energy phenomenology, finding that A-pole annihilations of neutralinos
and/or coannihilations with the lightest stau drive the relic density within
the cosmologically preferred range in a significant region of the allowed
parameter space. Implications for neutralino direct detection and for CERN LHC
experiments are also discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, JHEP style. Version accepted for publication in
JHE
Searching for Invisible and Almost Invisible Particles at e^+e^- Colliders
We explore the techniques, cross sections and expected signal significance
for detecting invisible and almost invisible particles at LEP2 and the NLC by
means of a hard photon tag. Examples from supersymmetry include the lightest
chargino and second lightest neutralino when their masses are nearly the same
as that of the lightest neutralino (the LSP), and invisibly decaying
sneutrinos. The importance of particular features of the detectors is
discussed, instrumentation for vetoing a fast e^+ or e^- in the beam hole being
especially crucial.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, latex, corrections (as outlined in recent
Addendum [hep-ph/9902309]) to the treatment of the decay of the lightest
chargino to the lightest neutralino, when they are closely degenerate in
mass, are implemented, and the associated minor changes in phenomenology are
incorporate
Graviton Resonances in E+ E- -> MU+ MU- at Linear Colliders with Beamstrahlung and ISR Effects
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the colliding beams is expected to play
an important role at the next generation of high energy e^+ e^- linear
collider(s). Focusing on the simplest process e+e- -> mu+ mu-, we show that
radiative effects like initial state radiation (ISR) and beamstrahlung can lead
to greatly-enhanced signals for resonant graviton modes of the Randall-Sundrum
model.Comment: 20 pages Latex, 7 eps figure
Single Photon Signals for Warped Quantum Gravity at a Linear e+-e- Collider
We study the `single photon' process e+- e- -> gamma nu nubar with
contributions due to exchange of massive gravitons in the Randall- Sundrum
model of low-scale quantum gravity. It is shown that for significant regions in
the parameter space, this process unambiguously highlights the resonance
structure of the graviton sector. Even in the non-resonant part of the
parameter space, we show that comparison with the benchmark process e+- e- ->
mu+- mu- can clearly distinguish signals for warped gravity from similar
signals for large extra dimensions.Comment: Published version; figures change
Enhanced superconducting pairing interaction in indium-doped tin telluride
The ferroelectric degenerate semiconductor SnTe exhibits
superconductivity with critical temperatures, , of up to 0.3 K for hole
densities of order 10 cm. When doped on the tin site with greater
than indium atoms, however, superconductivity is observed up
to 2 K, though the carrier density does not change significantly. We present
specific heat data showing that a stronger pairing interaction is present for
than for . By examining the effect of In dopant atoms on
both and the temperature of the ferroelectric structural phase
transition, , we show that phonon modes related to this transition are
not responsible for this enhancement, and discuss a plausible candidate
based on the unique properties of the indium impurities.Comment: 7 page
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