Gestion des systèmes d'agriculture itinérante sur brûlis dans l'Ouest Guyane : contribution à l'étude de la reproductibilité de la fertilité

L'agriculture itinérante sur brûlis (AIB) est un mode de culture pratiqué sans intrants physiques. Après deux ou trois cycles de cultures, la dégradation de la fertilité des sols contraint les agriculteurs à déplacer leurs cultures et le terrain est laissé en jachère. La jachère permet de reconstituer une biomasse, qui libérera lors de la période de production suivante, après brûlis, des éléments minéraux nécessaires à la croissance et au développement des cultures. Cette étude consiste, à fournir des éléments d'appui à la décision, dans le but d'une fixation à terme de ces systèmes traditionnels ; elle a nécessité que l'on présente une analyse de la gestion des systèmes d'AIB, composante importante de la reproductibilité de la fertilité, et condition de la fixation. La reproductibilité de la fertilité a été appréhendée à l'échelle spatio-temporelle. Dans un premier temps, la gestion spatiale de ces systèmes et leurs capacités à faire face aux contraintes agro-écologiques et socio-économiques du milieu, pour se reproduire, ont été étudiées. Cette étude a été effectuée à l'échelle du système agraire ; les enquêtes ont été réalisées plus précisément à l'échelle des systèmes de production qui correspondent au niveau des choix et décisions des agriculteurs. Dans un deuxième temps, l'évolution des composantes de la fertilité, susceptible d'influencer le rendement de manioc, a été analysée - le manioc constituant la principale culture de l'ouest Guyane -. Trois niveaux ont été considérés : le système de culture qui permet de comprendre les modes de conduite et d'association des cultures, la parcelle cultivée qui permet de suivre les pratiques et les itinéraires techniques, et enfin la placette d'expérimentation, lieu de mesures et de suivi. Dans la première étape de ce travail, une capacité d'équilibration des abattis est établie à partir du modèle de Piaget. Cette typologie permet d'identifier 5 " types fonctionnels " d'abattis dans la région et 2 modes d'évolution. Une typologie de trajectoire met en évidence les évolutions identifiées et les évolutions possibles. Dans la deuxième étape, lors d'un premier cycle <l'abattis, après forêt secondaire, l'évolution des stocks de carbone, d'azote et des bases échangeables montre qu'il n'y a pas de dégradation en relation avec la matière organique du sol. En revanche, on assiste à une forte diminution des bases échangeables suite à la mise en culture. La comparaison de cette diminution avec les besoins et le rendement de la culture, a permis d'identifier le potassium, comme facteur limitant la production après plusieurs cycles culturaux. L'approche de la fixation a montré qu'il sera nécessaire : - soit de reconsidérer la surface occupée par les agriculteurs. Lorsque les temps de jachères ne peuvent plus être respectés dans un espace limité, cela entraîne une dégradation des parcelles ou l'ouverture de parcelles sauvages dans la forêt. - soit d'envisager des " apports complémentaires " permettant une augmentation du nombre de cycles culturaux avant la mise en jachère

Défriche et abattis en Guyane. Un programme de recherche-action. Rapport de mission du 13 au 20 mai 1998

L'objectif de la mission était l'identification d'un programme de recherche-action sur les abattis. Le rapport rappelle le contexte et propose des orientations et une méthodologie. Il présente un calendrier, des moyens et des mécanismes de coordination institutionnelle. (Résumé d'auteur

Providing Accessible ReCreation Outdoors–User-Driven Research on Standards: Protocol for Mobile and Web-Based Interviews for Winter Assessments

BackgroundAlthough there have been recent efforts to improve access to Canadian national parks, many remain not fully accessible to people with disabilities. Winter conditions, in particular, present challenges that limit their participation in outdoor activities. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a novel method to assess park access during winter, which will inform recommendations for national park standards to meet the needs of all park visitors (regardless of ability) during winter conditions. MethodsA larger participatory mixed methods research project exploring park access was adapted. A 3-phase approach has already been proposed to achieve the study objectives. In the first phase, a scoping review of the existing accessibility standards will be conducted. In the second phase, objective audits of trails and features in 6 parks, 3 in western Canada and 3 in eastern Canada, will be conducted, as well as mobile interviews with 24 various participants in each region regarding their experiences of and recommendations for improving the park’s accessibility. In the final phase, a Delphi participatory consensus development process will be used, based on the data gathered in the first 2 phases, to prioritize recommendations for standards. This paper will focus on the second phase of the study, specifically on whether the in-person winter mobile interviews (ie, walking and wheeling interviews) with people who have a wide range of disabilities while visiting 3 parks in 2 provinces were modified. Changes were made to accommodate the extreme winter weather conditions in Quebec while using safe and informative data collection methods. ResultsIn Quebec, one park, where winter conditions are safer, has been assessed in person (n=4). Web-based interviews were used to facilitate the assessment of other winter and summer conditions in two other parks (n=8). Winter and web-based interviews were completed in April 2022. Data are currently being collected and analyzed, and results will be completed by December 2022. ConclusionsWe expect that adapting the protocol to gather further information on winter conditions and access to parks will provide high-quality and rich data to better inform park access standards. This participatory mixed methods research will inform the development of park standards that consider the accessibility needs of all people. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/3871

Providing Accessible ReCreation Outdoors–User-Driven Research on Standards: Protocol for Mobile and Web-Based Interviews for Winter Assessments

Background Although there have been recent efforts to improve access to Canadian national parks, many remain not fully accessible to people with disabilities. Winter conditions, in particular, present challenges that limit their participation in outdoor activities. Objective This study aimed to develop a novel method to assess park access during winter, which will inform recommendations for national park standards to meet the needs of all park visitors (regardless of ability) during winter conditions. Methods A larger participatory mixed methods research project exploring park access was adapted. A 3-phase approach has already been proposed to achieve the study objectives. In the first phase, a scoping review of the existing accessibility standards will be conducted. In the second phase, objective audits of trails and features in 6 parks, 3 in western Canada and 3 in eastern Canada, will be conducted, as well as mobile interviews with 24 various participants in each region regarding their experiences of and recommendations for improving the park’s accessibility. In the final phase, a Delphi participatory consensus development process will be used, based on the data gathered in the first 2 phases, to prioritize recommendations for standards. This paper will focus on the second phase of the study, specifically on whether the in-person winter mobile interviews (ie, walking and wheeling interviews) with people who have a wide range of disabilities while visiting 3 parks in 2 provinces were modified. Changes were made to accommodate the extreme winter weather conditions in Quebec while using safe and informative data collection methods. Results In Quebec, one park, where winter conditions are safer, has been assessed in person (n=4). Web-based interviews were used to facilitate the assessment of other winter and summer conditions in two other parks (n=8). Winter and web-based interviews were completed in April 2022. Data are currently being collected and analyzed, and results will be completed by December 2022. Conclusions We expect that adapting the protocol to gather further information on winter conditions and access to parks will provide high-quality and rich data to better inform park access standards. This participatory mixed methods research will inform the development of park standards that consider the accessibility needs of all people. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38715 </jats:sec

Providing Accessible ReCreation Outdoors-User-driven Research on Standards: Novel method for winter assessments (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Although there have been recent efforts to improve access to Canadian national parks, many remain not fully accessible to people with disabilities. Winter conditions, in particular, present challenges that limit their participation in outdoor activities. OBJECTIVE To develop a novel method to assess park access during winter that will inform recommendations for national park standards to meet needs of all park visitors (regardless of ability) during winter conditions. METHODS A larger participatory mixed-methods research project exploring park access was adapted [1]. Specifically, the second phase of the study to conduct in-person winter mobile interviews (i.e., walking and wheeling interviews) with people who have a wide range of disabilities while visiting three parks in two provinces was modified. Changes were made to accommodate the extreme winter weather conditions in Quebec while using safe and informative data collection methods. In Quebec, one park, where winter conditions are safer, will be assessed in person (n=4). Virtual interviews will be used to facilitate the assessment of other winter and summer conditions in two other parks (n=8). RESULTS - CONCLUSIONS We expect that adapting the protocol to gather further information on winter conditions and access to parks will provide high-quality and rich data to better inform park access standards. This participatory mixed-methods research will inform the development of park standards that consider the accessibility needs of all people. </sec

Providing Accessible Recreation Outdoors—User-Driven Research on Standards (PARCOURS): Protocol for a Multiphase Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Canada’s national parks are world-renowned. However, despite recent attempts to improve access, many are not accessible to people with disabilities. With the advent of provincial and federal legislation, standards are being developed to assist with the design and management of parks. OBJECTIVE The overarching objective of this study is to inform accessibility standards for federal parks that meet the needs of all park visitors, regardless of ability. The specific objectives of this study are to identify park accessibility standards that exist internationally, identify the accessibility challenges that people with disabilities face in park environments, and prioritize and recommend accessibility standards for national parks. METHODS A 3-phase approach will be used to achieve the study objectives. In the first phase, a scoping review of the existing accessibility standards will be conducted. The second phase will include objective audits of trails and features in 6 parks, 3 in western Canada and 3 in eastern Canada, as well as mobile interviews with 24 diverse participants in each region regarding their experiences of and recommendations for improving the park’s accessibility. In the final phase, a Delphi participatory consensus development process will be used, based on the data gathered in the first 2 phases, to prioritize recommendations for standards. RESULTS We expect to find gaps in existing standards that do not account for the diverse range of accessibility requirements that people with disabilities have for visiting parks. We also expect to find that existing standards, on their own, may not be enough to ensure equitable access to all the experiences and amenities that parks have to offer. Development of subsequent guidelines and best practices may be necessary to address complex scenarios for which standards may not be the best approach to ensuring accessibility. CONCLUSIONS The participatory and mixed methods approaches used in this study will provide rich insights for developing accessible park standards that consider the diverse needs of people with disabilities. The findings will also support the development or enhancement of park standards at all levels of government. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/33611 </sec