MOESM4 of Functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1-VarO adhesin

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Further views of the DBL1 structure showing the localization of the mutated residues and other putative binding sites (a, b) The DBL1-VarO structure is shown as a molecular surface in two views that are rotated by 180° with respect to each other. The color scheme is as in Fig. 6: the main body of the DBL1-VarO domain is shown in brown, with the changed Mut2 residues in blue, the Mut4 residues in purple, residue R69 in cyan and the region undergoing conformational change after cleavage at R69 in red. The Blood Group A and B trisaccharides are shown as spherical atoms in yellow and green, respectively. The region of the subdomain 3 identified by Angeletti et al. [45] as the binding site of rosette-inhibitory antibodies is shown in orange. The subdomain 2 region containing the R E D W W T I N R E Q I W K A sequence (magenta), i.e., the VarO orthologue of the R E Y/D W W A/T L/I N R K/D E/Q/D V W K A (identical amino acids in bold) sequence containing the ALNRKE sequence motif described by Blomquist et al. [52] as inducing strain-transcending antibodies that react with the iRBC surface is shown in pale blue. This segment is partially buried by the N-terminal region of the domain called NTS

Scatterplots showing correlations between activation during successful retrieval (hits – correct rejections beta value – y axis) in right hippocampus and memory performance (d′ – x axis) in met carriers (left panel) and val homozygotes (right panel).

<p>Scatterplots showing correlations between activation during successful retrieval (hits – correct rejections beta value – y axis) in right hippocampus and memory performance (d′ – x axis) in met carriers (left panel) and val homozygotes (right panel).</p

Whole brain task effects: Statistical Parametric Maps overlaid on MNI template brain showing regions that show significant activation during successful encoding (subsequent hits versus subsequent misses, panel A) or successful retrieval (hits versus misse

<p>SPMs are thresholded at p&lt;0.001 uncorrected for multiple comparisons for display purposes. However, peak voxels survive at FWE p&lt;0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons.</p

Mean beta values for hits, misses and correct rejections during the retrieval phase in right hippocampus by BDNF Val66Met genotype.

<p>Error bars represent SEM.</p

Time-domain ERN results.

<p>Panel A: Waveforms for correct (grey) and error (black) responses (FCz), for each group. Panel B: ERN wave for the three genetic groups. Panel C: Topographic plots of the ERN peak (40–100 ms). Electrode FCz is marked with disk.</p

Effect sizes for the endpoints across all platforms.

<p>Further details and p-values are reported elsewhere, see main text. Unresolved acronyms: TMS: Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation; MEP: Motor evoked potentials; EDS:Extra-dimensional stage; pre-ED: Prior to the extra-dimesional shift; VMA: Visuomotor Association; FLE: Fear Learning and Extinction; SCR: Skin conductance response; NS: Non-conditioned stimuli; CS: Conditioned Stimuli; MMN: Mismatch negativity; aLTP: auditory long-term potentiation; PE-slowing: Post-error slowing; ERN: Error-related negativity; VBM: Voxel-based morphometry; LT: Left-top (superior); RB: Right-bottom (inferior); FA: Fractional anisotropy; ILF: Inferior longitudinal Fasciculus.</p

Correlations between grey matter and post-error slowing and between grey matter and ERSP.

<p>Panel A: Correlation between anterior cingulate grey matter volume and post-error slowing for met-carriers and Val/Val group. Met/Met subjects are filled dots, Val/Met subjects are empty dots in the Met-carriers plot. Dashed line indicates 95% confidence interval of the linear regression. Panel B: Correlation between error ERSP and post-error slowing, as above.</p

Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex grey matter volumes.

<p>Panel A: Met/Met vs Val/Val contrast. Significant cluster are rendered onto an average brain in MNI standard space. Panel B: Extracted anterior cingulate grey matter volume for each group. Panel C: Extracted prefrontal cortex (left) grey matter volume for each group. Bars represent standard error.</p

Topographic plots of power in the theta frequency band.

<p>Graph represents averaged values for central, frontal, temporal and parieto-occipital regions, per each genetic group. Bars represent standard error. * p&lt;0.05;° p&lt;0.06 according to post-hoc Tukey-Kramer comparisons (Val/Met vs Val/Val).</p

Behavioural results of the flanker task.

<p>Panel A: Raw RTs following correct and error responses for the three genetic groups. Panel B: Post-error slowing expressed in raw RTs (RT following error minus RT following correct responses). Panel C: Post-error slowing, corrected for general speed ([RT following error - RT following correct]/meanRT). *: p&lt;0.05. Bars represent standard error.</p