Anthocyanidin Pigments of Southern Peas, \u3cem\u3eVigna sinensis\u3c/em\u3e

Southern peas are an important vegetable crop in the Southeastern states. They constitute 11 percent of the total vegetables packed in this area and are exceeded in volume only by green beans and tomatoes (39). Southern peas are not widely distributed by retailers throughout the United States. Discoloration during processing is believed to be the major reason preventing wide distribution (13). Also, color is a major factor of quality grade, and deterioration of color in these products results in considerable economic loss to the processor. With respect to freezing of southern peas, the discoloration occurs during blanching. The water soluble pigments are gradually transferred from the peas to the blanch water. The dissolved pigment adheres to the precipitated solids of the blanch water, and upon sufficient accumulation, the colored solids collect on the surface of the peas. With these factors in mind, this study was made in an attempt to: (1) determine effects of different blanch water additives on the quality of the product, (2) elucidate the nature of the coloring compounds of southern peas, and (3) study the causitive agents of discoloration in southern peas

Forgiveness: The Key to Spiritual Warfare

Among the many barriers to church growth is an unforgiving spirit in the congregation. Jerry Graham’s article on “Forgiveness: The Key To Spiritual Warfare” completes this issue of the journal in fine fashion. His article is not a rehash of teaching on forgiveness but rather a revealing look at how forgiveness and spiritual warfare are related

Forgiveness: The Key to Spiritual Warfare

Among the many barriers to church growth is an unforgiving spirit in the congregation. Jerry Graham’s article on “Forgiveness: The Key To Spiritual Warfare” completes this issue of the journal in fine fashion. His article is not a rehash of teaching on forgiveness but rather a revealing look at how forgiveness and spiritual warfare are related

Facilitators and Barriers to Prescribing PreExposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for the Prevention of HIV

Background: What is PrEP and who gets it? PrEP is the use of medication by individuals to prevent HIV contraction, approved in 2012 after demonstrating safety and efficacy in the iPrEx study and Partners PrEP2 trials. HIV infection risk is 92% lower in patients using PrEP. Truvada®, a combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine taken orally daily, is the only approved PrEP regimen and is intended to compliment other prevention strategies such as condoms. HIV negative-individuals at risk for exposure to HIV have been identified as men who have sex with men (MSM), IV drug users, heterosexuals who have unprotected sex with partners of unknown HIV status, and those in serodiscordant relationships. Barriers to PrEP Implementation PrEP is effective when patients adhere; however, both the medical community and some high-risk populations have been slow to adopt it as an HIV prevention strategy. Surveys have shown clinicians perceived barriers to PrEP such as adverse side effects, viral drug resistance, increased high-risk behavior, cost, and training. HIV in Vermont New diagnoses of HIV among Vermont residents has remained relatively stable over the last twenty years. Vermont CARES, a non-profit, offers free and anonymous HIV tests and in-person risk-reduction counseling. Clients are increasingly asking about PrEP as a prevention strategy, but the response from the medical community is difficult to ascertain.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1235/thumbnail.jp

Interpreting forest biome productivity and cover utilizing nested scales of image resolution and biogeographical analysis

The objective was to relate spectral imagery of varying resolution with ground-based data on forest productivity and cover, and to create models to predict regional estimates of forest productivity and cover with a quantifiable degree of accuracy. A three stage approach was outlined. In the first stage, a model was developed relating forest cover or productivity to TM surface reflectance values (TM/FOREST models). The TM/FOREST models were more accurate when biogeographic information regarding the landscape was either used to stratigy the landscape into more homogeneous units or incorporated directly into the TM/FOREST model. In the second stage, AVHRR/FOREST models that predicted forest cover and productivity on the basis of AVHRR band values were developed. The AVHRR/FOREST models had statistical properties similar to or better than those of the TM/FOREST models. In the third stage, the regional predictions were compared with the independent U.S. Forest Service (USFS) data. To do this regional forest cover and forest productivity maps were created using AVHRR scenes and the AVHRR/FOREST models. From the maps the county values of forest productivity and cover were calculated. It is apparent that the landscape has a strong influence on the success of the approach. An approach of using nested scales of imagery in conjunction with ground-based data can be successful in generating regional estimates of variables that are functionally related to some variable a sensor can detect

Accident and Speed Studies in Construction Zones

DOT-FH-11-8121The report includes results of two studies of construction zone traffic control. The first study involved analysis of traffic accidents occurring in 79 zones in seven states. Results indicate a before to during accident rate increase of 6.8%. Results also include breakdowns by accident types, severity, light conditions, roadway type, area type, work area roadway type, construction type and state. The second study was field testing of speed reduction methods. Speeds, erratic maneuvers and conflicts were measured at three sites--an urban freeway, a rural freeway, and an urban street. The field studies examined the effect of the following construction zone parameters on vehicle speeds and safety: Sequential flashing arrow boards; speed zoning (advisory and regulatory); enforcement; transverse striping; obliteration of nonappropriate pavement markings; taper length; lane width reduction; and active warning of speed zoning. Recommended guidelines for construction zone traffic controls are also included