Učinak praha avokada, suncokretova ulja te različitih omjera voluminozne i koncentrirane krme u obroku na unos hrane, probavljivost hrane i proizvodnost mladih ovnova

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of avocado flour and sunflower oil as energy sources in different proportions, as well as different forage:concentrate ratios on the productive performance and feed intake of male rams, and the in vitro dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility and gas production. The intake was measured in diets containing avocado flour or sunflower oil with 60% forage: 40% concentrate, and in diets with different forage:concentrate ratios and 10% inclusion of avocado flour or sunflower oil. The daily weight gain was registered for 84 days, the in vitro dry matter digestibility was determined at 48 h, and the in vitro gas production was evaluated at 72 h. The partial production of gas at 24 hours, raw protein, raw fat, and ash were used to estimate the metabolizable energy and organic matter digestibility. Low levels of avocado flour and sunflower oil in the diet showed the highest intake, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro gas production. Daily weight gains were 0.28 kg in avocado flour and 0.30 kg in sunflower oil diets, both at 10% inclusion and 40% forage: 60% concentrate. The inclusion of high levels of avocado flour or forage in the diet decreased the feed intake of male sheep. The best avocado flour level was 10% with 40% forage: 60% concentrate.Cilj rada bio je istražiti utjecaj različitih omjera između praha avokada i suncokretova ulja kao izvora energije, te različitih omjera između voluminozne i koncentrirane krme u obroku na unos hrane i proizvodnost mladih ovnova. Osim toga, in vitro istražena je probavljivost suhe tvari, probavljivost organske tvari i proizvodnja plina. Unos hrane mjeren je u obrocima koji su sadržavali prah avokada ili suncokretovo ulje uz omjer između voluminozne i koncentrirane krme od 60:40% ili u obrocima sa različitim omjerom voluminozne i koncentrirane krme uz dodatak 10% praha avokada ili suncokretova ulja. Dnevni prirast bilježen je tijekom 84 dana. Probavljivost suhe tvari in vitro određivana je 48 h, a proizvodnja plina in vitro 72 h od uzimanja uzoraka. Za određivanje metaboličke energije i probavljivosti organske tvari korišteni su parcijalna proizvodnja plina 24-ti sat, sirovi protein, sirova mast i pepeo. Niske razine praha avokada i suncokretova ulja u obroku rezultirale su najvišim unosom hrane te najvišom in vitro probavljivošću suhe tvari i in vitro proizvodnjom plina. Dnevni prirast bio je 0,28 kg u životinja kojima je davano 10% praha avokada, 0,30 kg u životinja kojima je davano 10% suncokretova ulja, pri čemu je omjer voluminozne i koncentrirane krme iznosio 40:60%. Dodavanje visokih razina praha avokada ili voluminozne krme u obrok dovelo je do nižeg unosa hrane kod mladih ovnova pa je zaključeno da je najpovoljnija razina dodanog praha avokada 10% uz omjer voluminozne i koncentrirane krme 40:60%

Avaliação de dois níveis de lisina em dietas iniciais para suínos Pelón Mexicano e seu efeito na carcaça e na carne

In the present investigation, the effect on the quality of the carcass and meat of growing Mexican Hairless pigs fed with the inclusion of 100 and 80 % of the lysine requirements recommended by the NRC (2012) in the diet was evaluated. Eight piglets of 12 ± 1.28 kg of the Mexican Hairless breed were used, distributed completely at random in two treatments (T100 and T80) with the covariate effect of slaughter weight, which consisted of balanced diets fulfilling 100 or 80 % of the requirements of lysine established by the NRC. When they reached a live weight of 25 kg, they were slaughtered in a municipal slaughterhouse and the main parameters used to determine the quality of the carcass and meat were evaluated. The treatment effect did not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05) for most of the variables except for the b* color value and Hue tone. Reducing up to 80% of the amount of lysine recommended by the NRC for commercial pigs in the diet does not affect the quality of the carcass and meat in growing Mexican Hairless pigs.En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto en la calidad de la canal y carne de cerdos Pelón Mexicano en crecimiento alimentados con la inclusión del 100 y 80 % de los requerimientos de lisina recomendados por el NRC (2012) en la dieta. Se utilizaron 8 lechones de 12±1.28 kg de raza Pelón Mexicano de distribuidos completamente al azar en dos tratamientos (T100 y T80) con efecto de covariable el peso al sacrificio, que consistieron en dietas balanceadas cumpliendo el 100 o el 80 % de los requerimientos de lisina establecidos por el NRC. Cuando alcanzaron un peso vivo de 25 kg, fueron sacrificados en rastro y se evaluaron los principales parámetros utilizados para determinar la calidad de la canal y carne. El efecto del tratamiento no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas (p>0.05) para la mayoría de las variables a excepción del valor de color b* y el tono Hue. Reducir en la dieta hasta un 80% de la cantidad de lisina recomendada por el NRC para cerdos comerciales, en los cerdos Pelón Mexicano en crecimiento no se afecta la calidad de la canal y carne.Na presente investigação, avaliou-se o efeito sobre a qualidade da carcaça e da carne de suínos mexicanos sem pêlo em crescimento alimentados com a inclusão de 100 e 80% dos requisitos de lisina recomendados pelo NRC (2012) na dieta. Foram utilizados oito leitões de 12 ± 1,28 kg da raça Pelón Mexicano, distribuídos totalmente ao acaso em dois tratamentos (T100 e T80) com efeito covariável do peso de abate, que consistiu em dietas balanceadas atendendo 100 ou 80% das exigências. lisina estabelecida pelo NRC. Ao atingirem o peso vivo de 25 kg, foram abatidos no abate e avaliados os principais parâmetros utilizados para determinar a qualidade da carcaça e da carne. O efeito do tratamento não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05) para a maioria das variáveis, exceto para o valor de cor b* e tom Hue. Reduzir até 80% da quantidade de lisina recomendada pelo NRC para suínos comerciais na dieta não afeta a qualidade da carcaça e da carne em suínos Mexicanos Pelados em crescimento

Desempenho produtivo de porcos Pelón Mexicano em iniciação alimentados com três níveis de lisina na dieta

The productive behavior of the Mexican Hairless pig fed with 100, 80 and 60 %Lys (T1, T2 and T3) of the dietary level of lysine recommended by the NRC for commercial pigs was studied. 12 piglets randomly distributed in three treatments were used, with an average initial weight of 12.00 ± 1.28 kg. Each treatment had four repetitions, the experimental unit was a piglet. The animals were weighed every week from the beginning to the end of the experiment; when they reached 25 kg of live weight they were sacrificed. The variables evaluated were: live weight (LWn), feed intake (CDAn), daily weight gain (GDPn) and feed conversion (CAn), n=week from 1 to 7. The results were processed by ANOVA and Tukey when (p<0.05). By reducing the level of lysine included in the diet, most of the variables analyzed were not affected. The growth curves presented by the animals were similar, so they followed the same growth rate. The treatment effect was significant (P<0.0198) for CDA1 and PV3. This suggests that nutritional lysine requirements for growing Mexican Hairless pigs could be up to 60% of those specified by the NRC for improved pigs, without compromising their productive capacity at 25 kg.Se estudió el comportamiento productivo del cerdo Pelón Mexicano alimentado con 100, 80 y 60% (T1, T2 y T3) del nivel dietético de lisina recomendado por el NRC para cerdos comerciales. Se usaron 12 lechones distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres tratamientos, con 12.00±1.28 kg de peso inicial promedio. Cada tratamiento tuvo cuatro repeticiones, la unidad experimental fue un lechón. Los animales se pesaron cada semana del inicio al final del experimento; cuando alcanzaron 25 kg de peso vivo se sacrificaron. Las variables evaluadas fueron: peso vivo (PVn), consumo de alimento (CDAn), ganancia diaria de peso (GDPn) y conversión alimenticia (CAn), n=semana de la 1 a la 7. El análisis se realizó con el procedimiento GLM de SAS, cuando el efecto de tratamiento fue significativo (p<0.05), las medias correspondientes se compararon con la prueba Tukey. El efecto de tratamiento fue significativo (P<0.0198) para CDA1 y PV3. El nivel de lisina incluido en la dieta no afectó la mayoría de las variables analizadas. Esto sugiere que los requerimientos nutricionales de lisina para cerdos Pelón Mexicano en crecimiento podrían ser hasta 60% de los especificados por el NRC para cerdos mejorados, sin comprometer su capacidad productiva a 25 kg.Estudou-se o comportamento produtivo do porco mexicano sem pêlo alimentado com 100, 80 e 60% Lys (T1, T2 e T3) do nível dietético de lisina recomendado pelo NRC para suínos comerciais. Foram utilizados 12 leitões distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos, com peso médio inicial de 12,00 ± 1,28 kg. Cada tratamento teve quatro repetições, a unidade experimental foi um leitão. Os animais foram pesados ​​semanalmente do início ao fim do experimento; quando atingiram 25 kg de peso vivo foram sacrificados. As variáveis ​​avaliadas foram: peso vivo (LWn), consumo de ração (CDAn), ganho de peso diário (GDPn) e conversão alimentar (CAn), n=semana de 1 a 7. Os resultados foram processados ​​por ANOVA e Tukey quando (p <0,05). Ao reduzir o nível de lisina incluído na dieta, a maioria das variáveis ​​analisadas não foi afetada. As curvas de crescimento apresentadas pelos animais foram semelhantes, portanto seguiram a mesma taxa de crescimento. O efeito do tratamento foi significativo (P<0,0198) para CDA1 e PV3. Isso sugere que os requisitos nutricionais de lisina para suínos mexicanos calvos em crescimento podem ser de até 60% daqueles especificados pelo NRC para suínos melhorados, sem comprometer sua capacidade produtiva de 25 kg

Growth performance parameters, carcass traits, and meat quality of lambs supplemented with zinc methionine and (or) zinc oxide in feedlot system

Zinc is a micro mineral with structural, catalytic and regulatory functions in muscle tissue. It improves growth in ruminants because it modulates energy metabolism. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Zn-methionine or/and Zn oxide addition in the diet of Katahdin x Dorper lambs on performance, carcass traits and meat quality characteristics. Forty non-castrated Katahdin x Dorper F1 lambs were randomly assigned to the following experimental groups: 1) Zn-Met (65 ppm); 2) ZnO (65 ppm); 3) Zn-Met+ZnO (32.5+32.5 ppm), and 4) basal diet (BD, without Zn). The duration of experiment was 93 days. Treatment Zn-Met+ZnO vs control improved (P≤0.05) ADG and FC; ZnO increased leg perimeter and decreased visceral fat. Intramuscular fat (IMF) and marbling of chop with Zn-Met and ZnO vs control were higher (P≤0.05). Oxidative stability of cooked meat was delayed (P≤0.05) with Zn-Met+ZnO. Myristic acid was lowest (P≤0.05) with ZnO and arachidonic acid was higher (P≤0.05) in Zn-Met. Therefore, compared to the BD, Zn-Met+ZnO improved the ADG and FC, decreased shear force and delayed the stability oxidative in cooked meat; Zn-Met and ZnO increased the IMF and marbling; additionally Zn-Met increased arachidonic acid and ZnO decreased visceral fat and myristic acid.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author