912 research outputs found
Serving Clients with Intellectual Disabilities: Clinical Psychology Training in APA-Accredited Doctoral Programs
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience mental health problems at a higher rate than the general population, yet encounter significant barriers in accessing quality mental health services and have poorer mental health outcomes. Disparities in both psychology research and practice contribute to these barriers, and few mental health practitioners are willing and competent to treat people with ID. Lack of training availability has been suspected as an underlying factor, yet no previous investigation of training has been conducted in the United States. This study utilized a 20-question self-administered internet survey to explore the quantity, quality, and types of training APA-accredited doctoral level clinical and counseling programs provide their students with respect to serving clients with ID. Students\u27 self-perceptions of competence with the population and their likelihood of future service provision for clients with ID were also studied. Current predoctoral psychology interns were recruited by emailing each internship training director listed in the APPIC database and asking them to forward a request for research participation. A total of 265 clinical and counseling psychology interns participated, resulting in an estimated response rate of 8.5%. Results revealed that, while more students reported training than expected, overall training was typically minimal, of low quality, and with little emphasis on service provision. Approximately half of the respondents reported a modicum of competence with this population and moderate likelihood to provide future services. An analysis of mediation revealed that perceived competence fully mediated the relationship between training quality and likelihood of future service provision. Without widespread reforms in APA-accredited programs in training for serving clients with ID, people with ID and mental health needs will likely remain an underserved population
Serving Clients with Intellectual Disabilities: Clinical Psychology Training in APA-Accredited Doctoral Programs
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience mental health problems at a higher rate than the general population, yet encounter significant barriers in accessing quality mental health services and have poorer mental health outcomes. Disparities in both psychology research and practice contribute to these barriers, and few mental health practitioners are willing and competent to treat people with ID. Lack of training availability has been suspected as an underlying factor, yet no previous investigation of training has been conducted in the United States. This study utilized a 20-question self-administered internet survey to explore the quantity, quality, and types of training APA-accredited doctoral level clinical and counseling programs provide their students with respect to serving clients with ID. Students\u27 self-perceptions of competence with the population and their likelihood of future service provision for clients with ID were also studied. Current predoctoral psychology interns were recruited by emailing each internship training director listed in the APPIC database and asking them to forward a request for research participation. A total of 265 clinical and counseling psychology interns participated, resulting in an estimated response rate of 8.5%. Results revealed that, while more students reported training than expected, overall training was typically minimal, of low quality, and with little emphasis on service provision. Approximately half of the respondents reported a modicum of competence with this population and moderate likelihood to provide future services. An analysis of mediation revealed that perceived competence fully mediated the relationship between training quality and likelihood of future service provision. Without widespread reforms in APA-accredited programs in training for serving clients with ID, people with ID and mental health needs will likely remain an underserved population
The Role of Occupational Therapy in Meeting Mental Health Needs of College Students in the South Dakota Regental University System
College students with mental health concerns and disabilities are at risk for poorer academic outcomes. Utilization of student support services (TRIO, disability services, and student counseling services) can mitigate these issues. However, utilization patterns and the service delivery process are not well understood in the South Dakota Board of Regents (SDBOR) system. This study aimed to investigate 1. The extent to which students utilize mental health and disability services in the South Dakota Board of Regent (SDBOR) University system. 2. How service providers deliver those services to students. Utilizing a cross sectional survey and grounded theory design, researchers found that most students (76.67%) were not registered with the office of disability services, however a need for mental health services exists. Additional findings conclude a low perception of stigma relating to mental health and disability service use, (59) =18.78,p\u3c.001, Cohen’s d=2.93 and a high perception of need for mental health services , t(59)=-.176,p\u3c.001, Cohen’s d=2.93. Additionally, qualitative data indicated that the service delivery process consisted of Triage, Supporting Student Success, and Promoting Student Wellness. The results of this study suggest a need for additional mental health and individualized services at SDBOR universities. Occupational therapy could be useful in addressing the needs of college students within the SDBOR system; however, future research should be conducted to articulate these needs and define the role of occupational therapy practitioners in higher education
Neutrinoless double beta decay in chiral effective field theory: lepton number violation at dimension seven
We analyze neutrinoless double beta decay () within the
framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Apart from the
dimension-five Weinberg operator, the first contributions appear at dimension
seven. We classify the operators and evolve them to the electroweak scale,
where we match them to effective dimension-six, -seven, and -nine operators. In
the next step, after renormalization group evolution to the QCD scale, we
construct the chiral Lagrangian arising from these operators. We develop a
power-counting scheme and derive the two-nucleon currents up
to leading order in the power counting for each lepton-number-violating
operator. We argue that the leading-order contribution to the decay rate
depends on a relatively small number of nuclear matrix elements. We test our
power counting by comparing nuclear matrix elements obtained by various methods
and by different groups. We find that the power counting works well for nuclear
matrix elements calculated from a specific method, while, as in the case of
light Majorana neutrino exchange, the overall magnitude of the matrix elements
can differ by factors of two to three between methods. We calculate the
constraints that can be set on dimension-seven lepton-number-violating
operators from experiments and study the interplay between
dimension-five and -seven operators, discussing how dimension-seven
contributions affect the interpretation of in terms of the
effective Majorana mass .Comment: Matches version published in JHE
Towards a High Energy Theory for the Higgs Phase of Gravity
Spontaneous Lorentz violation due to a time-dependent expectation value for a
massless scalar has been suggested as a method for dynamically generating dark
energy. A natural candidate for the scalar is a Goldstone boson arising from
the spontaneous breaking of a U(1) symmetry. We investigate the low-energy
effective action for such a Goldstone boson in a general class of models
involving only scalars, proving that if the scalars have standard kinetic terms
then at the {\em classical} level the effective action does not have the
required features for spontaneous Lorentz violation to occur asymptotically in an expanding FRW universe. Then we study the large limit of
a renormalizable field theory with a complex scalar coupled to massive
fermions. In this model an effective action for the Goldstone boson with the
properties required for spontaneous Lorentz violation can be generated.
Although the model has shortcomings, we feel it represents progress towards
finding a high energy completion for the Higgs phase of gravity.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures;fixed typos and added reference
Minimum Length from Quantum Mechanics and Classical General Relativity
We derive fundamental limits on measurements of position, arising from
quantum mechanics and classical general relativity. First, we show that any
primitive probe or target used in an experiment must be larger than the Planck
length, . This suggests a Planck-size {\it minimum ball} of uncertainty in
any measurement. Next, we study interferometers (such as LIGO) whose precision
is much finer than the size of any individual components and hence are not
obviously limited by the minimum ball. Nevertheless, we deduce a fundamental
limit on their accuracy of order . Our results imply a {\it device
independent} limit on possible position measurements.Comment: 8 pages, latex, to appear in the Physical Review Letter
Future considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity
Compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity are among the most common conditions seen by hand surgeons. The diagnoses of carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome have traditionally been made by a combination of history, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic testing. However, findings can be nonspecific and electrodiagnostic testing is invasive for the patient. The diagnosis of compressive neuropathies continues to evolve as technology advances, and newer diagnostic modalities predominantly focus on preoperative diagnostic imaging with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging/neurography. With the advent of cheaper, faster, and less invasive imaging, the future may bring a paradigm shift away from electrophysiology as the gold standard for the preoperative diagnosis of compressive neuropathies. Intraoperative imaging of nerve health is an emerging concept that warrants further investigation, whereas postoperative imaging of nerve recovery with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging currently has a limited role because of nonspecific findings and potential for misinterpretation. Advances in surgical treatment of compressive neuropathies appear to center around the use of imaging for less invasive neurolysis techniques and other adjunctive treatments with nerve decompression. The management of failed peripheral nerve decompressions and recurrent compressive neuropathies remains challenging
A Large-Scale, Open-Domain, Mixed-Interface Dialogue-Based ITS for STEM
We present Korbit, a large-scale, open-domain, mixed-interface,
dialogue-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS). Korbit uses machine learning,
natural language processing and reinforcement learning to provide interactive,
personalized learning online. Korbit has been designed to easily scale to
thousands of subjects, by automating, standardizing and simplifying the content
creation process. Unlike other ITS, a teacher can develop new learning modules
for Korbit in a matter of hours. To facilitate learning across a widerange of
STEM subjects, Korbit uses a mixed-interface, which includes videos,
interactive dialogue-based exercises, question-answering, conceptual diagrams,
mathematical exercises and gamification elements. Korbit has been built to
scale to millions of students, by utilizing a state-of-the-art cloud-based
micro-service architecture. Korbit launched its first course in 2019 on machine
learning, and since then over 7,000 students have enrolled. Although Korbit was
designed to be open-domain and highly scalable, A/B testing experiments with
real-world students demonstrate that both student learning outcomes and student
motivation are substantially improved compared to typical online courses
A neutrinoless double beta decay master formula from effective field theory
We present a master formula describing the neutrinoless-double-beta decay
() rate induced by lepton-number-violating (LNV) operators up
to dimension nine in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We provide an
end-to-end framework connecting the possibly very high LNV scale to the nuclear
scale, through a chain of effective field theories. Starting at the electroweak
scale, we integrate out the heavy Standard Model degrees of freedom and we
match to an effective theory. After
evolving the resulting effective Lagrangian to the QCD scale, we use chiral
perturbation theory to derive the lepton-number-violating chiral Lagrangian.
The chiral Lagrangian is used to derive the two-nucleon
transition operators to leading order in the chiral power counting. Based on
renormalization arguments we show that in various cases short-range two-nucleon
operators need to be enhanced to leading order. We show that all required
nuclear matrix elements can be taken from existing calculations. Our final
result is a master formula that describes the rate in terms of
phase-space factors, nuclear matrix elements, hadronic low-energy constants,
QCD evolution factors, and high-energy LNV Wilson coefficients, including all
the interference terms. Our master formula can be easily matched to any model
where LNV originates at energy scales above the electroweak scale. As an
explicit example, we match our formula to the minimal left-right-symmetric
model in which contributions of operators of different dimension compete, and
we discuss the resulting phenomenology.Comment: Published versio
Seiberg Duality and e+ e- Experiments
Seiberg duality in supersymmetric gauge theories is the claim that two
different theories describe the same physics in the infrared limit. However,
one cannot easily work out physical quantities in strongly coupled theories and
hence it has been difficult to compare the physics of the electric and magnetic
theories. In order to gain more insight into the equivalence of two theories,
we study the ``e+ e-'' cross sections into ``hadrons'' for both theories in the
superconformal window. We describe a technique which allows us to compute the
cross sections exactly in the infrared limit. They are indeed equal in the
low-energy limit and the equality is guaranteed because of the anomaly matching
condition. The ultraviolet behavior of the total ``e+ e-'' cross section is
different for the two theories. We comment on proposed non-supersymmetric
dualities. We also analyze the agreement of the ``\gamma\gamma'' and ``WW''
scattering amplitudes in both theories, and in particular try to understand if
their equivalence can be explained by the anomaly matching condition.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, uses psfi
- …