From the Renewed Policy of Sport Mega Events to Prosumerism: Articulating the challenges faced by the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar

Although research has long focused upon Sport Mega Events (SMEs) in the Global North, it is only in recent decades that a similar level of scrutiny has been applied to SMEs outside of this region, and particularly those held in the Global South. This interest in the organisation, delivery and implications of SMEs in these regions was a natural accompaniment to the unprecedented "tour" of SMEs staged outside the Global North between the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. At the same time, prospective SME host cities and countries in more 'traditional' destinations such as Europe and North America began to resist and reject the chance to bid for these events. The Renewed Policy of Sport Mega Events Allocation (RPSMEA) (Graeff & Knijnik, 2021) represented the first attempt to develop a comparative theoretical framework to explain this pattern of new SME hosts, and was accompanied by several trends including an increase in the cost of the realisation of SMEs, the externalisation of these costs to host governments, increased revenue for owners of SME franchises and benefits for partners of SMEs in areas such as construction and security. In response to these developments, various changes were implemented by SME organisers and franchise owners. For example, in 2014 the IOC sought to reform the Olympic bidding process with the announcement of Agenda 2020, which was followed by the New Norm in 2018 and Agenda 2020+5 in 2021. Even more significantly, in 2017 FIFA announced that the 2026 World Cup would feature 48 participant teams and three joint host countries. These changes in the bidding and organisation of SMEs can be seen as examples of prosumerism, which refers to "the tendency towards a market where the distinction between producers and consumers decreases, where consumers are producing their own goods and services" (IGI Global, 2022, para. 2). This paper therefore draws upon both the RPSMEA and the recent turn towards prosumerism in analysing the staging of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, which arguably represents the most extreme example of the RPSMEA in terms of both the expenditure associated with the event and the level of (primarily European-led) criticism that its realisation has received in relation to issues such as stadium construction, workers' conditions and its impact upon the FIFA calendar. Drawing on public documents, biddings and reports, our aim here is to contextualise the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar within this broader context of RPSMEA and prosumerism, and to highlight the need for these new analytical tools to better understand the challenges faced by contemporary SME hosts in a dramatically changing environmen

The Grizzly, November 20, 1981

Ursinus Takes First Step As Planning Gets Under Way • Successful Graduates Advise Seniors • Whatley Invited to Shuttle Launch • Ursinus\u27 Tuition Compared to Other Colleges • Sleigh Bells in September • Annual Messiah Concert Dec. 5 • Study Abroad Series: \u27Of Pints and Men\u27 • Variety Briefs: One-man band; Chamber orchestra performs; Cafe international • USGA Notes • Girls B-Ball Optimistic For New Season • Aquamen Drop Opener • Grapplers Do Well • Men\u27s B-Ball...Can They Do It Again? • Fine Showing in Regionals Sends Team to Wisconsin • Girls Splash to Victoryhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1068/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 5, 1982

Clinic Offered for Ski-Bums • Outstanding Choral Students Chosen • U.C. Poses for Posterity • Letters to the Editor: Greeks Piqued • USGA Notes • President\u27s Corner • Ropes and Chains or Can You Eat Plasterboard? • Protheatre Presents Comedy at its Best • The Messiah is Coming! • The World\u27s Largest Picture at Ursinus: Get Yours Now! • Take That, West Chester! • Soccer Season Ends With Win Over Widener • Bear Pack Waltzes to Victory • Bears Battle But Lose War • Lady Bears Dominatehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1087/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 15, 1982

Students for Peace and Progress Get Started • Homecoming 1982 • Annual Parents Day a Success • Letters to the Editor • Opinion: Sorority Rushing Needs Revision • Lantern Format Undecided • Dance-a-Thon for Lupus • Japan: Big and Real • New Art at Myrin • Bear Booters Win Three • Now Hold it Just a Minute! • Grizzlies Win Third Straight • X-Country Wins • Penn Blasts Lady Bears 3-0https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1084/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 9, 1981

False Alarms Plague Campus • Task Force Attempts to Answer Concerns in the Evening School • Breaking of Tradition, Speeding Up of Progress • Sadat is Dead: What Happens Now? • Letters to the Editor • Books Sought by Ursinus Friends • Pi Nu Epsilon Banquet • Sid Quinn, Barbara Blatt • Transplanted Texan: A Funny Thing Happened to Me at the Forum • Making Love is Fact of Life • Kinky Culture at the Spectrum • LeKites Elected Class of \u2785 President • Second Semi-annual Photo Exhibit Presented Tomorrow • Oktoberfest Comes to Ritter • Business Law Dropped from Day School Curriculum By Request of the Econ Department • 20 hrs. Limitation Causes Uproar • USGA Notes • Cross Country Leaves \u27Em Talking • Hockey Suffers First Loss of Season • Dickinson Latest Victim to Ursinus Defense • Soccer Shuts Out Hopkinshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1063/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 6, 1981

Changing Role of Women • Spanish Professor Speaks At Literature Conference • Ursinus Grad Anticipates Changes • Whatley Invited to Testing of Nuclear Sub • USGA Notes • Canterbury Tales: Bawdy Production Rates 10 • Fashion Forum • Myrin Hosts Alumna\u27s Art • Study Abroad Series: Continental Culture • Bear Pack Travels to MACs • Bears Fall to Swarthmore 27-10 • Questionable End to Hockey Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1066/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 19, 1982

Dorm Intrusion: Attack Prompts Security Changes • Council Approves Precalc • Student Apathy: Who Cares? • Elephants and Donkeys Revived on Campus • President\u27s Corner • Pledging Changes Planned • Commentary: Be a Good Boy, Johnny - Take Back Your Tray • Lewis on Wall Street • Applying for the Job • Robert Hazard: The Grizzly Interview • Final Exam Schedule • Grizzly Paws Boost Football Program • Women\u27s Basketball Set to Have Big Season • X-Country Takes a Disappointing Sixth • Soccer Team Was Tough All Year • Men\u27s Swimming Falls to Dickinson in Openerhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1089/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 30, 1981

Founders Day 100th Year of Coeducation • Board of Directors Approve Tuition Increase • Stevens Talks on Hazing to Packed House • Comment: What Eileen Stevens Didn\u27t Say • Drexel-Ursinus Offer Evening Courses at Limerick and UC • Old Men\u27s Undergoes Heating Renovations • ZX Business Society Grows • Lee Savary: Contrasting Natural and Man-made • Study Abroad Series: Seize the Day • Law of the Sea, Law of the Nations • Gridders to Enter New League in 1983 • Bears Lose Homecoming Heartbreaker • X-Country: 38 Straight W\u27s • Field Hockey Trips West Chester 3-0https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1065/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, September 17, 1982

New Ursinus Students Welcomed • Lantern Needs Associate Editor • Vandalism at Myrin • Administration Alterations • Committee Needs Chairmen • Folk Festival Summer Fun • Forum Preview • Lewis on Wall Street • Fencing Anyone? • Sendai Students at UC • Changes in Wismer • USGA Notes • Field Hockey Falls to Trenton State • The Bear Pack is in Top Form, Again • Volleyball Dumps Del Val • Grizzlies Drop Football Opener • Soccer Team Loses Two Close Oneshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1081/thumbnail.jp