5 research outputs found
HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis in patients from an endemic area in Central-west Brazil
An increase in morbidity associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients has been described in
Africa and the Mediterranean. Despite the high endemicity of VL and
HIV-1/AIDS in Brazil, this association has not been thoroughly
investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiologic and clinical
characteristics of VL-HIV-1/AIDS cases from Central-west [Mato Grosso
do Sul (MS)] Brazil. Medical records of 23 VL-HIV-1/AIDS patients were
reviewed. Patients were predominantly adult males (87%) and 34.8% of
the patients were intravenous drug users (IVDU). Leishmaniasis was the
first opportunistic infection in 60% of the HIV-1 patients. Fever
occurred in all patients, although splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were
absent in 21.7% of the cases. CD4+ T-cell counts were below 200
cells/mm3 in 80% of the cases and the counts did not increase after
clinical remission despite antiretroviral therapy. The first drug
chosen to treat the cases was antimonial, but the therapeutic regimen
was altered to amphotericin B in 12 of 17 cases due to side effects.
Relapses were reported in 56.5% of the patients. IVDU may constitute an
important risk factor for the transmission of both diseases in MS.
VL-HIV-1/AIDS patients in MS share similar clinical characteristics as
those from other endemic regions worldwide. Thus, these findings are
critical for improving the surveillance of VL-HIV/AIDS patients
Paracoccidioidomicose: estudo clÃnico e epidemiológico de 422 casos observados no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul Paracoccidioidomycosis: a clinical and epidemiological study of 422 cases observed in Mato Grosso do Sul
São descritas as caracterÃsticas clÃnicas e epidemiológicas de 422 casos de paracoccidioidomicose atendidos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil) no perÃodo de Janeiro de 1980 a Agosto de 1999. A média de idade foi de 43,4 anos e a proporção homem: mulher foi de 10:1. Quase metade (45,5%) dos doentes era trabalhadora rural no momento do diagnóstico. A forma aguda/subaguda (tipo juvenil)(15,4% dos casos) revelou-se com importante comprometimento do sistema fagocÃtico-monocitário, manifestado principalmente por adenomegalia (95,4%); hepatomegalia (40%); esplenomegalia (23,1%). A forma crônica (tipo adulto)(84,6% dos casos) apresentou-se com maiores proporções de lesões em orofaringe (66,4%); rouquidão (31,4%) e tosse (50,7%). Para o diagnóstico, foram utilizados o exame micológico direto em 365 pacientes e o histopatológico em 302, com positividade de 50,7% e 97,3%, respectivamente. O tratamento antifúngico preferencial foi a associação de sulfametoxazol e trimetoprim (co-trimoxazol), utilizado em 90,3% dos doentes. Seqüelas foram observadas em 30,3% e óbito em 7,6% dos casos.<br>Clinical and epidemiological features of 422 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis attended at University Hospital of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) from January 1980 to August 1999, were analysed. The mean age was 43.4 years old and the male: female ratio was 10:1. Nearly half (45.5%) of the patients were agricultural workers at the moment of diagnosis. In the acute/subacute form (juvenile type) the phagocytic-monocytic system was very much impaired and mainly marked by lymphadenopathy (95.4%), hepatomegaly (40%), splenomegaly (23.1%). The chronic form (adult type) presents more lesions in oropharynx (66.4%), dysphonia (31.4%) and cough (50.7%). Mycological diagnosis was obtained by direct microscopy of wet mounts in 185/365 (50.7%) patients and by histopathological examination of biopsies in 294/302 (97.3%) patients. The treatment of choice was Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (Co-trimoxazole), used in 90.3% patients. Sequelae occurred in 30.3% and death in 7.6% of the cases
Aprendizagem e comportamento humano
Neste livro o leitor poderá compreender os processos de aprendizagem e comportamento na vertente pedagógica e clÃnica, considerando as diferentes pesquisas e reflexões teóricas apresentadas, sustentadas pelas contribuições dos estudos das Habilidades Sociais, dos pressuspostos teóricos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e da Análise do Comportamento tendo como pano de fundo a inclusão social e escolar. O livro pode ser um material de consulta importante para pesquisadores e interessados no tem