Is lactate an undervalued functional component of fermented food products?

Although it has been traditionally regarded as an intermediate of carbon metabolism and major component of fermented dairy products contributing to organoleptic and antimicrobial properties of food, there is evidence gathered in recent years that lactate has bioactive properties that may be responsible of broader properties of functional foods. Lactate can regulate critical functions of several key players of the immune system such as macrophages and dendritic cells, being able to modulate inflammatory activation of epithelial cells as well. Intraluminal levels of lactate derived from fermentative metabolism of lactobacilli have been shown to modulate inflammatory environment in intestinal mucosa. The molecular mechanisms responsible to these functions, including histone deacetylase dependent-modulation of gene expression and signaling through G-protein coupled receptors have started to be described. Since lactate is a major fermentation product of several bacterial families with probiotic properties, we here propose that it may contribute to some of the properties attributed to these microorganisms and in a larger view, to the properties of food products fermented by lactic acid bacteria.Fil: Garrote, Graciela Liliana. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Abraham, Analia Graciela. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Área de Bioquímica y Control de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; Argentin

Feminist Disruptions in Mexican Art, 1975 - 1987

Between 1975 and 1987 feminism in the arts in Mexico delineated a unique situation, one without parallel in the panorama of Latin American art. In a group of exhibitions, works and texts, women's place in Mexican art was critically analyzed, unfolding a broad map of positions. Although a chronology and list of names of the artists who shaped this scenario have been established, the intervention that each work proposed in the debate on women's place and the feminine that gained visibility during those years has not yet been examined. Based on a situated analysis of these works, this article proposes to discuss these works' intervention in configuring how the debate on artistic feminism took shape during this period in Mexico.Fil: Giunta, Andrea Graciela. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Experimental relevance of low reheating temperature cosmologies

Standard simple assumptions are usually made about the pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis epoch, from which we do not have observations. Modifying these assumptions, the predicted density of relic particles such as neutralinos and sterile neutrinos can be very different from that in the standard case. For example, neutralinos could have the dark matter density in (almost) any supersymmetric model, and sterile neutrinos with mixings large enough to be soon detected in neutrino experiments would become cosmologically acceptable. These possibilities are important in view of what the LHC, and neutrino experiments could soon find.Comment: Talk given at the 43rd Rencontres de Moriond- Cosmology, La Thuile, Italy, March 15 - 22, 2008. 4 pages, 3 figures, uses moriond.st

Cosmology of "Visible" Sterile Neutrinos

We point out that in scenarios with a low reheating temperature $T_R << 100$ MeV at the end of (the last episode of) inflation or entropy production, the abundance of sterile neutrinos becomes largely independent of their coupling to active neutrinos. Thus, cosmological bounds become less stringent than usually assumed, allowing sterile neutrinos to be ``visible'' in future experiments. For example, the sterile neutrino required by the LSND result does not have any cosmological problem within these scenarios.Comment: Talk given at the ``8th Workshop on Non-Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics", June 7-11, 2004, Paris, France; 7 pages, 2 figure

Theory of Dark Matter

The search for dark matter is a very wide and active field of research. Many potential hints of dark matter have appeared recently which led to a burst of theoretical activity and model building. I necessarily concentrate here only in some aspects of it. I review here some recent hints and some of the ways in which they could be explained.Comment: Plenary review talk at "Physics at the LHC 2010", 7-12 June 2010, DESY, Hamburg, Germany; 6 pages, no figures, desyproc.cls file needed to typese