Non-linear effects in standard 2D NOE experiments in coupled spin systems

This article does not have an abstract

Testing limits to airflow perturbation device (APD) measurements

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Airflow Perturbation Device (APD) is a lightweight, portable device that can be used to measure total respiratory resistance as well as inhalation and exhalation resistances. There is a need to determine limits to the accuracy of APD measurements for different conditions likely to occur: leaks around the mouthpiece, use of an oronasal mask, and the addition of resistance in the respiratory system. Also, there is a need for resistance measurements in patients who are ventilated.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Ten subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 were tested for each station in the experiment. The first station involved testing the effects of leaks of known sizes on APD measurements. The second station tested the use of an oronasal mask used in conjunction with the APD during nose and mouth breathing. The third station tested the effects of two different resistances added in series with the APD mouthpiece. The fourth station tested the usage of a flexible ventilator tube in conjunction with the APD.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All leaks reduced APD resistance measurement values. Leaks represented by two 3.2 mm diameter tubes reduced measured resistance by about 10% (4.2 cmH₂O·sec/L for control and 3.9 cm H₂O·sec/L for the leak). This was not statistically significant. Larger leaks given by 4.8 and 6.4 mm tubes reduced measurements significantly (3.4 and 3.0 cm cmH₂O·sec/L, respectively). Mouth resistance measured with a cardboard mouthpiece gave an APD measurement of 4.2 cm H₂O·sec/L and mouth resistance measured with an oronasal mask was 4.5 cm H₂O·sec/L; the two were not significantly different. Nose resistance measured with the oronasal mask was 7.6 cm H₂O·sec/L. Adding airflow resistances of 1.12 and 2.10 cm H₂O·sec/L to the breathing circuit between the mouth and APD yielded respiratory resistance values higher than the control by 0.7 and 2.0 cm H₂O·sec/L. Although breathing through a 52 cm length of flexible ventilator tubing reduced the APD measurement from 4.0 cm H₂O·sec/L for the control to 3.6 cm H₂O·sec/L for the tube, the difference was not statistically significant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The APD can be adapted for use in ventilated, unconscious, and uncooperative patients with use of a ventilator tube and an oronasal mask without significantly affecting measurements. Adding a resistance in series with the APD mouthpiece has an additive effect on resistance measurements, and can be used for qualitative calibration. A leak size of at least the equivalent of two 3.2 mm diameter tubes can be tolerated without significantly affecting APD measurements.</p

Article III Adultification of Kids: History, Mystery, and Troubling Implications of Federal Youth Transfers

There is no federal juvenile court system in the United States. Rather, teens can face charges in Article III courts and can be transferred to be tried and sentenced as adults in these venues. This Article is the first of two articles in the Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice seeking to shed light on the largely invisible processes and populations involved in federal youth prosecution. This Article focuses on the federal transfer and prosecution of American youth as adults. It considers constitutional and statutory law relating to these federal transfers and then considers why current practices are incompatible with Kent v. United States and evolving standards of decency doctrine. It also warns of other dangers relating to prosecuting youth as adults in our federal criminal justice system

HUBUNGAN KINERJA DAN PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN STATUS AKREDITASI DI PUSKESMAS WAWONASA DAN PUSKESMAS BAILANG KOTA MANADO

Akreditasi adalah penilaian kinerja yang merupakan kuantitas dan kualitas pencapaian tugas-tugas, baik yang dilakukan individu, kelompok maupun organisasi. Akreditasi mempengaruhi kinerja dan prestasi kerja pegawai untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang baik bagi masyarakat.. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kinerja dan prestasi kerja pegawai di puskesmas wawonasa dan puskesmas bailang  dengan status akreditasi dengan menggunakan model penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian berupa alat ukur yang di gunakan yaitu kuesioner penelitian untuk  seluruh pegawai yang berjumlah 80 orang di puskesmas wawonasa dan puskesmas bailang kota manado. Hubungan dari kinerja puskesmas wawonasa dan puskesmas bailang dengan akreditasi dalam puskesmas wawonasa  kurang baik dengan jumlah 12 dan baik dengan  jumlah  32. Dibandingkan  kinerja puskesmas bailang dengan  jumlah  kurang baik  23 dan baik dengan  jumlah 13. Hubungannya juga dengan prestasi kerja di puskesmas wawonasa dan puskesmas bailang dengan status akreditasi di puskesmas wawonasa nilai kurang baik dengan jumlah 12 dan baik dengan jumlah 35. Dibandingkan  prestasi kerja puskesmas bailang dengan  jumlah  kurang baik  23 dan baik dengan  jumlah 13. Kesimpulan adanya hubungan kinerja dan prestasi kerja dari puskesmas wawonasa dan puskesmas bailang dengan status akreditasi. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah diharapkan selalu giat  meyelesaikan  tugas tepat waktu dan  sesuai prosedur, selalu menciptakan hubungan kerja baik dengan rekan kerja, menggunakan seragam dinas saat bekerja, hadir tepat waktu dan tetap mempertahankan peningkatkan pelayanan  kesehatan yang baik kepada masyarakat. Kata Kunci : Kinerja, Prestasi Kerja, Status Akreditasi                                                     ABSTRACTAccreditation is a performance assessment which is the quantity and quality of the achievement of tasks, whether carried out by individuals, groups or organizations. Accreditation affects the performance and work performance of employees to improve the quality of good health services for the community. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between performance and work performance of employees at Wawonasa and Bailang Puskesmas with accreditation status using a quantitative research model. The results of the study are measuring instruments used, namely the research questionnaire for all employees totaling 80 people at the Wawonasa Public Health Center and the Bailang Health Center in Manado City. The relationship between the performance of the wawonasa puskesmas and the bailang puskesmas with accreditation in the wawonasa puskesmas is not good with 12 and 32 well. Compared to the performance of the bailang puskesmas with a poor number of 23 and a good number of 13. The relationship is also with work performance at wawonasa puskesmas and puskesmas bailang with the accreditation status at the Wawonasa Puskesmas the score is not good with the number of 12 and good with the number of 35. Compared to the work performance of the Bailang Community Health Center with the number 23 and the good number is not good. . The suggestion from this research is that it is expected to always be active in completing tasks on time and according to procedures, always create good working relationships with colleagues, wear official uniforms when working, be present on time and still maintain the improvement of good health services to the community.. Keywords: performance, work performance, accreditation statu

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PESERTA JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL – KARTU INDONESIA SEHAT DENGAN KEPUASAN JASA PELAYANAN DI PUSKESMAS KOMBOS KOTA MANADO

Dalam memudahkan akses pembiayaan kesehatan pemerintah menyelenggarakan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional - Kartu Indonesia Sehat melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan. Melalui program tersebut diharapkan peserta JKN-KIS dapat merasakan kepuasan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang diterima. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional – Kartu Indonesia Sehat dengan kepuasan jasa pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Kombos Kota Manado. Metode penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Kombos Kota Manado pada bulan Oktober-Desember tahun 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu accidental sampling dengan jumlah 100 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai p-value = 0,013 hubungan antara karakteristik umur dengan kepuasan peserta JKN-KIS di Puskesmas Kombos. Karakteristik jenis kelamin, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan kepuasan. Saran yang dapat diberikan kepada Puskesmas Kombos diharapkan semakin meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dengan melengkapi alat-alat untuk pemeriksaan pasien, memperluas ruang tunggu, serta lebih tanggap dalam memberikan pelayanan dengan segera kepada pasien peserta JKN-KIS di Puskesmas Kombos. Kata Kunci : Umur, Jenis Kelamin, Pendidikan, Pekerjaan, Kepuasan Pasien  ABSTRACT In facilitating access to health financing the government organizes a National Health Insurance Program – Healthy Indonesia Card through the Health Social Security Organizing Agency. Through the program, it is expected that the participants of the National Health Insurance – Healthy Indonesia Card can feel satisfaction with the health services received. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of participants of the National Health Insurance – Healthy Indonesia Card and the satisfaction of health care services in Manado Kombos Health Center. The design of this study is quantitative research with a cross sectional design. This study was conducted at Manado Kombos Health Center in October 2018. Determination of the sample using the Slovin formula with the number of 100 samples of participants of the National Health Insurance – Healthy Indonesian Card at Kombos Health Center. Data collection is done using a questionnaire. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi square test.The result obtained p-value = 0,013 relationship between age characteristics and satisfaction of participants of the National Health Insurance – Healthy Indonesia Card at the Kombos Health Center. The characteristics of sex, education, and occupation are not related to satisfaction. Suggestions that can be given to the Kombos Community Health Center are expected to further improve the quality of services by completing the tools for examining patients, expanding the waiting room, and being more responsive in giving patients to the National Health Insurance – Indonesia Healthy Card at Kombos Health Center. Keywords : Age, Sex, Education, Occupation, Patient Authorit

ANALISIS PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MENCEGAH PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DI DESA TOLOK SATU KECAMATAN TOMPASO

Perilaku merupakan respon atau reaksi seseorang terhadap rangsangan dari luar (stimulus). Tindakan masyarakat dalam mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 sangat diperlukan untuk dapat menekan angka penularan Covid-19, perilaku pencegahan tersebut seperti, menjaga jarak sosial/social distancing, menggunakan masker, dan mencuci tangan. Pada 7 Juli kasus positif corona di Kecamatan Tompaso bertambah 2 kasus terkonfirmasi Covid-19. Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus corona. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perilaku masyarakat dalam mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 di Desa Tolok Satu Kecamatan Tompaso dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu secara umum masyarakat melaksanakan protokol kesehatan untuk mencegah Covid-19, namun ada kesulitan-kesulitan yang ditemui saat melaksanakan protokol kesehatan yang menyebabkan masyarakat sulit untuk menjaga jarak fisik/physical distancing dengan orang lain apa lagi saat berada di keramaian. Ada kendala saat menggunakan masker terus-menerus. yaitu sulit untuk bernafas dan berbicara, sulit untuk mencuci tangan terus-menerus karena udara dingin, namun selalu menggunakan hand sanitizer saat tidak mencuci tangan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu perilaku masyarakat dalam mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 sudah cukup baik karena masyarakat mengikuti protokol kesehatan untuk mencegah Covid-19, seperti menjaga jarak/physical distancing, mengunakan masker. dan mencuci tangan walaupun masih ada masyarakat yang melanggar protokol kesehatan yang ada. Saran kepada masyarakat Agar lebih berhati-hati dengan Covid-19 ini, tetap melaksanakan protokol pencegahan Covid-19 walaupun di era new normal dan lebih memperhatikan anjuran pemerintah untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Kata Kunci: perilaku masyarakat, mencegah penyebaran Covid-19, Desa Tolok Satu Kecamatan Tompaso. ABSTRACTBehavior is a person's response or reaction to external stimuli (stimulus). Community action in preventing the spread of Covid-19 is urgently needed to be able to reduce the transmission rate of Covid-19, These preventive behaviors include, maintaining social distancing, using masks and washing hands. On July 7, the positive cases of corona in Tompaso District increased by 2 confirmed cases of Covid-19. Covid-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus. This study aims to analyze people's behavior in preventing the spread of Covid-19 in Tolok Satu Village, Tompaso District by using qualitative methods. The results of the research obtained are that in general the community implements health protocols to prevent Covid-19 but there are difficulties encountered when implementing health protocols which make it difficult for the community to maintain physical distance from other people, especially when in a crowd, there are obstacles when using a mask constantly, namely it is difficult to breathe and speak, It is difficult to wash your hands constantly because of the cold air but always use a hand sanitizer when not washing your hands. The conclusion of this study is that people's behavior in preventing the spread of Covid-19 is good enough because people follow health protocols to prevent Covid-19 such as maintaining distance / physical distancing, using masks and washing hands even though there are still people who violate existing health protocols. Suggestions for the public to be more obedient in following government recommendations and comply with health protocols so that the transmission of  Covid-19 can be stopped. Keywords: community behavior, preventing the spread of Covid-19, Tolok Satu Village Tompaso District

Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor for Steam Reforming of Higher Hydrocarbons: Model Sensitivity

A fluidized bed membrane reactor (FBMR) was built and operated at temperatures \u3c600°C to reform higher hydrocarbons like propane and heptane. A two-phase reactor model is utilized to simulate the FBMR with hydrogen withdrawn from both phases. The superficial gas velocities in the reactor change because of variations in molar flow due to reaction and hydrogen withdrawal through the membranes, as well as variations in temperature, pressure and cross-sectional area. Sensitivity studies show that the FBMR performance is primarily controlled by chemical equilibrium and hydrogen permeation through the membranes, while being insensitive to errors in accurately characterizing the chemical kinetics and hydrodynamics

A Mid-Infrared Study of the Class 0 Cluster in LDN 1448

We present ground-based mid-infrared observations of Class 0 protostars in LDN 1448. Of the five known protostars in this cloud, we detected two, L1448N:A and L1448C, at 12.5, 17.9, 20.8, and 24.5 microns, and a third, L1448 IRS 2, at 24.5 microns. We present high-resolution images of the detected sources, and photometry or upper limits for all five Class 0 sources in this cloud. With these data, we are able to augment existing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for all five objects and place them on an evolutionary status diagram.Comment: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal; 26 pages, 9 figure

Maine Distributed Solar Valuation Study

During its 2014 session, the Maine Legislature enacted an Act to Support Solar Energy Development in Maine. P.L Chapter 562 (April 24, 2014) (codified at 35‐A M.R.S. §§ 3471‐3473) (“Act”). Section 1 of the Act contains the Legislative finding that it is in the public interest is to develop renewable energy resources, including solar energy, in a manner that protects and improves the health and well‐being of the citizens and natural environment of the State while also providing economic benefits to communities, ratepayers and the overall economy of the State. Section 2 of the Act requires the Public Utilities Commission (Commission) to determine the value of distributed solar energy generation in the State, evaluate implementation options, and to deliver a report to the Legislature. To support this work, the Commission engaged a project team comprising Clean Power Research (Napa, California), Sustainable Energy Advantage (Framingham, Massachusetts), Pace Energy and Climate Center at the Pace Law School (White Plains, New York), and Dr. Richard Perez (Albany, New York). Under the project, the team developed the methodology under a Commission‐run stakeholder review process, conducted a valuation on distributed solar for three utility territories, and developed a summary of implementation options for increasing deployment of distributed solar generation in the State. The report includes three volumes which accompany this Executive Summary: Volume I Methodology; Volume II Valuation Results; Volume III Implementation Options