173 research outputs found
Beyond Responsive Regulation: The expanding role of non-state actors in the regulatory process
This comment extends the vision of Responsive Regulation by noting subsequent developments in regulatory pluralism, in particular those occurring under private auspices. The apparent weakening or withdrawal of state regulatory institutions has inspired considerable regulatory activity on the part of non-state actors. In addition, the concurrent growth and pervasiveness of digital technology have greatly facilitated the involvement of individual citizens in non-state regulatory activity. However, the full implications of what might be called "wiki-regulation" remain to be seen. The risks that accompany private regulation may include the lack of accountability of non-state regulatory actors, and the possibility of their failure. There is also a risk that with the increasing salience of what Vogel calls "civil regulation," state regulatory institutions may atrophy, or fail to develop at all
Organised Crime and the Internet: Implications for National Security
Before being able to establish whether certain kinds of organised cyber-crime constitute a security threat, it is important to consider the wide variation in structure and targets of cyber-criminal organisations, some of which are state agencies or state
Organized Cybercrime and National Security
While much cybercrime is committed by individuals acting alone, a signi!cant amount is accomplished by offenders acting in concert. These groups have tended to vary signi!cantly in terms of their structures, their goals, the criminal activities in which they engage, and their organizational life courses. The nature of these collectivities, and the question of whether organized cybercrime constitutes a national security threat, are the subjects of this chapter. The answer will depend on
one’s de!nitions of “national security” and “organized cybercrime.” Each of these concepts is problematic; the meaning of national security has been stretched signi!cantly in recent years, while conceptions of organized crime (terrestrial or in cyberspace) have been overly narrow. The chapter concludes that some forms of organized cybercrime can indeed threaten national security, both in a more conventional sense and in ways previously overlooked
Requirements of Prosecution Services to Deal with Cyber Crime
The advent of digital technology and the convergence of computing and communications have begun to change the way we live. These trends have also created unprecedented opportunities for crime. Criminal activities that were not foreseeable two decades ag
Gambling and clients of ACT Corrections : Final report
In the ACT, as in the Australian population, the majority of people regularly
participate in gambling activities. The purchase of lottery and instant scratch
tickets, and use of club gaming machines comprise the highest participation in
gambling in the ACT.
• While many people gamble without experiencing any adverse consequences, for
some people, gambling creates difficulty in their lives. Problem gambling can be
defined by the negative effects that gambling activities have on the gambler,
their personal relationships, working life and the wider community
Adolescent Gambling in the ACT
This report presents key findings of a 2003-2004 study into adolescent gambling in
the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The study is based on a survey of years 7 to
12 students from Government, Catholic, and Independent schools. The aim of this
research project was to increase existing knowledge concerning the nature and extent
of gambling amongst a population subgroup that was generally omitted by the
Federal Productivity Commission in their 1999 report. Although previous studies of
young people have been conducted in Victoria and South Australia that reveal
higher prevalence of problem gambling than adults, no such work has ever been
undertaken in the ACT. Our research therefore contributes to this scant Australian
literature on adolescent gambling by providing further data concerning its
measurement, causes and prevalence. In addition, this study provides regulatory and
educational authorities in the ACT with a much-needed overview and the material
basis for the development of evidence-based prevention and counselling programs,
and education strategies. The research also assists in the development and validation
of a consistent methodology to allow future replications, as well as providing
baseline statistics against which future developments in adolescent gambling can be
compared
Organizations and cyber crime: An analysis of the nature of groups engaged in cyber crime
This paper explores the nature of groups engaged in cyber crime. It briefly outlines the definition and scope of cyber crime, theoretical and empirical challenges in addressing what is known about cyber offenders, and the likely role of organized crime groups. The paper gives examples of known cases that illustrate individual and group behaviour, and motivations of typical offenders, including state actors. Different types of cyber crime and different forms of criminal organization are described drawing on the typology suggested by McGuire (2012). It is apparent that a wide variety of organizational structures are involved in cyber crime. Enterprise or profit-oriented activities, and especially cyber crime committed by state actors, appear to require leadership, structure, and specialisation. By contrast, protest activity tends to be less organized, with weak (if any) chain of command
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