Aspects of the Norm. The Holistic Model of the Legal Norm in the Context of Wittgenstein’s Remarks on Aspect Perception

In Polish legal theory there is a generally accepted distinction between legal norms (normative standards) and legal provisions (independent editorial units of a legal text). One of the most developed theories of the interpretation of law, the derivative theory of M. Zieliński, however, also includes the postulate of the reconstruction of the entire legal system as one comprehensive norm (the so-called holistic approach) in the process of applying the law. This postulate stems mainly from assumptions regarding the adopted methods of interpretation. The holistic approach has often been criticized as inadequate in pragmatic terms, but the derivative theory has not yet been thoroughly modified in this respect. In this paper, I propose to apply Wittgenstein's concept of aspect perception as providing adequate conceptual framework to describe the mechanism of identifying relevant parts of the legal norm that deals with the pragmatic inadequacy of the holistic approach, but does not affect the core of the derivative theory of interpretation

Instytucje i praktyki. Ontologia „społeczeństwa dobrze urządzonego” Johna Rawlsa

The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationship between normative theory and social ontology through an analysis of John Rawls’s concept of ‘well‑ordered society’. By expressing the ontological assumptions underlying Rawls’s theory, it is possible to better understand the role of practices and institutions in A Theory of Justice and to counter some of the criticisms levelled against Rawls’s institutionalism. The proposed interpretation of Rawls’s theory may be recognized as a contribution to the interactionist approach in the field of social ontology. 346 Wojciech Graboń, Marcin Woźn

Information Flow in the Security Management System

Implementation of security objectives is conditioned by fast access to reliable and up-to-date information about processes occurring within the Safety Management Systems. The amount of information and the speed of changes taking place in the environment makes it necessary to introduce a system of information management and channels of their flow not only within the organization, but also in communication with third parties. Proper management of information resources increases the efficiency and effectiveness of SMS functioning. The article presents the possibility of a formalized description of the flow of external and internal information in a well-functioning Railway Operator Safety Management System. Analogous maps can be identified for infrastructure managers, defining key elements of its functioning