Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 reduces neutralisation activity of antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2

Spike-specific antibodies contribute significantly to the neutralising activity against SARS-CoV-2 and are important for the therapeutic effect of convalescent plasma. B.1.1.7 is a recently emerged variant of SARS-CoV-2 that has several mutations in the gene encoding for the spike-protein. To assess the potential effect these mutations could have on the neutralising efficacy of antibodies, we evaluated 96 serum samples from convalescent plasma donors collected before the first occurrence of B.1.1.7 and tested their neutralising effect on wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and B.1.1.7. We found that B.1.1.7 is more resistant to neutralisation by convalescent plasma from patients infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 with an overall decrease in neutralising activity of 47.7%. Thus, the neutralising effect of convalescent plasma should be determined against the major circulating virus clades whenever possible to ensure the best possible therapeutic effect

One year after mild COVID-19: the majority of patients maintain specific immunity, but one in four still suffer from long-term symptoms

After COVID-19, some patients develop long-term symptoms. Whether such symptoms correlate with immune responses, and how long immunity persists, is not yet clear. This study focused on mild COVID-19 and investigated correlations of immunity with persistent symptoms and immune longevity. Persistent complications, including headache, concentration difficulties and loss of smell/taste, were reported by 51 of 83 (61%) participants and decreased over time to 28% one year after COVID-19. Specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detectable in 78% and 66% of participants, respectively, at a 12-month follow-up. Median antibody levels decreased by approximately 50% within the first 6 months but remained stable up to 12 months. Neutralizing antibodies could be found in 50% of participants; specific INFgamma-producing T-cells were present in two thirds one year after COVID-19. Activation-induced marker assays identified specific T-helper cells and central memory T-cells in 80% of participants at a 12-month follow-up. In correlative analyses, older age and a longer duration of the acute phase of COVID-19 were associated with higher humoral and T-cell responses. A weak correlation between long-term loss of taste/smell and low IgA levels was found at early time points. These data indicate a long-lasting immunological memory against SARS-CoV-2 after mild COVID-19

Results of the forward-looking community-wide consultation

Within the ELE project three complementary online surveys were designed and implemented to consult the Language Technology (LT) community with regard to the current state of play and the future situation in about 2030 in terms of Digital Language Equality (DLE). While Chapters 4 and 38 provide a general overview of the community consultation methodology and the results with regard to the current situation as of 2022, this chapter summarises the results concerning the future situation in 2030. All of these results have been taken into account for the specification of the project’s Strategic Research, Innovation and Implementation Agenda (SRIA) and Roadmap for Achieving Full DLE in Europe by 2030.

Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs

Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B$_{12}$ ) metabolism are increasingly recognized in small animal medicine and have a variety of causes ranging from chronic gastrointestinal disease to hereditary defects in cobalamin metabolism. Measurement of serum cobalamin concentration, often in combination with serum folate concentration, is routinely performed as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. While the detection of hypocobalaminemia has therapeutic implications, interpretation of cobalamin status in dogs can be challenging. The aim of this review is to define hypocobalaminemia and cobalamin deficiency, normocobalaminemia, and hypercobalaminemia in dogs, describe known cobalamin deficiency states, breed predispositions in dogs, discuss the different biomarkers of importance for evaluating cobalamin status in dogs, and discuss the management of dogs with hypocobalaminemia

Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/43</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():43-43.</p><p>Published online 14 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2020458.</p><p></p>-CSF placed in the center of the vaccine application site. Punch biopsies were taken at the reaction site and assessed immunohistochemically. Histopathological assessment of punch biopsy specimens taken at the local vaccine site reaction 48 h following the third vaccine revealed a dense infiltrate consisting predominantly of macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes (B, ×100). In contrast to unrelated skin sites, CD1a-positive dendritic cells were present at the vaccine site (C, ×400). Further immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the CD3-positive lymphocytes (D, ×400) in the patient with the strongest vaccine site reaction were CD4-positive cells (E, ×100)

Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/43</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():43-43.</p><p>Published online 14 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2020458.</p><p></p> cycles of the autologous tumor cell vaccine. All of the determined CD3-positive cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD4CD25) were affected by cyclophosphomide and fludarabine. As seen in all patients, neutrophil counts recovered to pre-chemotherapy levels within 30 days. Recovery of different T cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD4CD25) was slower than normalization of neutrophil counts in all patients but varied inter-individually. The post-chemotherapy increase in CD4 numbers followed the same kinetics as the other subsets with no extended depression as one might expect following fludarabine treatment. Patient 1 experienced an extended depression of CD19-positive B lymphocytes, whereas NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+) recovered within 30 days (as observed in all patients). Additional leukaphereses were harvested prior to preparative chemotherapy and after the vaccination phase

Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in patients with non-small cell lung cancer made lymphopenic and reconstituted with autologous PBMC: first clinical experience and evidence of an immune response"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/43</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():43-43.</p><p>Published online 14 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2020458.</p><p></p>s of NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) was confirmed