18 research outputs found
Ordering phenomena in quasi one-dimensional organic conductors
Low-dimensional organic conductors could establish themselves as model
systems for the investigation of the physics in reduced dimensions. In the
metallic state of a one-dimensional solid, Fermi-liquid theory breaks down and
spin and charge degrees of freedom become separated. But the metallic phase is
not stable in one dimension: as the temperature is reduced, the electronic
charge and spin tend to arrange themselves in an ordered fashion due to strong
correlations. The competition of the different interactions is responsible for
which broken-symmetry ground state is eventually realized in a specific
compound and which drives the system towards an insulating state.
Here we review the various ordering phenomena and how they can be identified
by optic and magnetic measurements. While the final results might look very
similar in the case of a charge density wave and a charge-ordered metal, for
instance, the physical cause is completely different. When density waves form,
a gap opens in the density of states at the Fermi energy due to nesting of the
one-dimension Fermi surface sheets. When a one-dimensional metal becomes a
charge-ordered Mott insulator, on the other hand, the short-range Coulomb
repulsion localizes the charge on the lattice sites and even causes certain
charge patterns.
We try to point out the similarities and conceptional differences of these
phenomena and give an example for each of them. Particular emphasis will be put
on collective phenomena which are inherently present as soon as ordering breaks
the symmetry of the system.Comment: Review article Naturwissenschaften 200
Isolated terawatt attosecond hard X-ray pulse generated from single current spike
Isolated terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulse is greatly desired for four-dimensional investigations of natural phenomena with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. Since the demand for such sources is continuously increasing, the possibility of generating such pulse by a single current spike without the use of optical or electron delay units in an undulator line is addressed. The conditions of a current spike (width and height) and a modulation laser pulse (wavelength and power) is also discussed. We demonstrate that an isolated TW-level as a hard X-ray can be produced by a properly chosen single current spike in an electron bunch with simulation results. By using realistic specifications of an electron bunch of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), we show that an isolated, >1.0 TW and similar to 36 as X-ray pulse at 12.4 keV can be generated in an optimized-tapered undulator line. This result opens a new vista for current XFEL operation: the attosecond XFEL
Hidden Order and Dimensional Crossover of the Charge Density Waves in TiSe2
Charge density wave (CDW) formation, a key physics issue for materials, arises from interactions among electrons and phonons that can also lead to superconductivity and other competing or entangled phases. The prototypical system TiSe(2), with a particularly simple (2 × 2 × 2) transition and no Kohn anomalies caused by electron-phonon coupling, is a fascinating but unsolved case after decades of research. Our angle-resolved photoemission measurements of the band structure as a function of temperature, aided by first-principles calculations, reveal a hitherto undetected but crucial feature: a (2 × 2) electronic order in each layer sets in at ~232 K before the widely recognized three-dimensional structural order at ~205 K. The dimensional crossover, likely a generic feature of such layered materials, involves renormalization of different band gaps in two stages
A quantitative and multiplexed approach to uncover the fitness landscape of tumor suppression in vivo
EuPRAXIA - A compact, cost-efficient particle and radiation source
Plasma accelerators present one of the most suitable candidates for the development of more compact particle acceleration technologies, yet they still lag behind radiofrequency (RF)-based devices when it comes to beam quality, control, stability and power efficiency. The Horizon 2020-funded project EuPRAXIA ("European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications") aims to overcome the first three of these hurdles by developing a conceptual design for a first international user facility based on plasma acceleration. In this paper we report on the main features, simulation studies and potential applications of this future research infrastructure