Reproductive biology of the black-striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 (Pisces: Syngnathidae) in the Aegean Sea of Turkey

The paper presents the results of research on the reproductive biology of Syngnathus abaster – a species distributed in Çandarlı Bay. For this purpose, seine nets were collected from a depth of 0.5–2 m in 15 minute periods between April 2013 and March 2014, and a total of 185 individuals were sampled. It has been determined that 94 individuals (50.81%) were females, 79 were males (42.70%) and 12 were immature (6.49%). The sex ratio was 1:0.84. The average length values in female, male and immature individuals were 111.5 ± 7.35, 109.9 ± 11.08 and 79.8 ± 5.30 mm, respectively. The maximum mean surface water temperature is in spring and summer seasons. When Gonadosomatic Index (GSI%) values were examined, the spawning period of the species was indicated as spring and summer. Three groups of species were identified as maturing (diameter: 0.61–1.20 mm), mature (diameter: 1.21–1.70 mm) and hydrated oocytes (diameter: 1.71–2.10 mm) in ovaries of female individuals. The number of eggs in the brood pouch of pregnant male fishes was on average 48 (mean ± SD = 48 ± 14.09 eggs, range: 23–78 eggs). The hydrated oocyte/total length relationship was: y = 0.8651x – 84.332 (n = 14, r² = 0.64) and the numer of eggs/total length relationship in the brood pouch of pregnant males was: y =1.0168x – 67.715 (n =33, r2 = 0.58).The paper presents the results of research on the reproductive biology of Syngnathus abaster – a species distributed in Çandarlı Bay. For this purpose, seine nets were collected from a depth of 0.5–2 m in 15 minute periods between April 2013 and March 2014, and a total of 185 individuals were sampled. It has been determined that 94 individuals (50.81%) were females, 79 were males (42.70%) and 12 were immature (6.49%). The sex ratio was 1:0.84. The average length values in female, male and immature individuals were 111.5 ± 7.35, 109.9 ± 11.08 and 79.8 ± 5.30 mm, respectively. The maximum mean surface water temperature is in spring and summer seasons. When Gonadosomatic Index (GSI%) values were examined, the spawning period of the species was indicated as spring and summer. Three groups of species were identified as maturing (diameter: 0.61–1.20 mm), mature (diameter: 1.21–1.70 mm) and hydrated oocytes (diameter: 1.71–2.10 mm) in ovaries of female individuals. The number of eggs in the brood pouch of pregnant male fishes was on average 48 (mean ± SD = 48 ± 14.09 eggs, range: 23–78 eggs). The hydrated oocyte/total length relationship was: y = 0.8651x – 84.332 (n = 14, r² = 0.64) and the numer of eggs/total length relationship in the brood pouch of pregnant males was: y =1.0168x – 67.715 (n =33, r2 = 0.58)

Changing indications and techniques for corneal transplantations at a tertiary referral center in Turkey, from 1995 to 2014

BACKGROUND: Indications for corneal transplantation in developed and developing nations differ according to the different spectrum of corneal disease in each country. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the changing indications and surgical techniques for corneal transplantation over the past 20 years at a tertiary referral center in Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent keratoplasty from January 1995 to December 2014 (between 1995 and 2004, period 1, and between 2005 and 2014, period 2). Patients’ demographic data, indications for corneal transplantation, and the type of surgery were recorded. RESULTS: The number of keratoplasties performed ranged from 548 in period 1 to 782 in period 2. Between 1995 and 2004, the leading indications were keratoconus (34.1%), bullous keratopathy (17%), and non-herpetic corneal scar (13.3%), and between 2005 and 2014, they were keratoconus (33.8%), corneal stromal dystrophy (14.2%), and bullous keratopathy (12.7%). All the keratoplasties performed in the 1995–2004 period were penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). During the period 2005–2014, PKP accounted for 93%, automated lamellar keratoplasty 5.8%, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty 1.2% of all corneal transplantations. CONCLUSION: Keratoconus was the leading indication for keratoplasty in both periods. In the 2005–2014 period, corneal stromal dystrophy increased significantly. All the keratoplasties performed in period 1 and 93% of all keratoplasties performed in period 2 were PKP

Soft bottom mollusc assemblages (gastropoda-bivalvia) in marine shallow waters of the western turkey coast

2296-2304The most dominant family was found to be Rissoidae with 10 species. Of the 105 species obtained stations, the most dominant species was Bittium reticulatum (26%) with 2226 specimens, followed by Mytilus galloprovincialis (11%) with 1022 specimens and Rissoa membranacea (8%) with 713 specimens, respectively. Shannon-Weaver’s Diversity Index (H'), Pielou’s Evenness Index (J’), Soyer’s Frequency Index (F), Bray-Curtis Similarity Index and Pearson's Correlation Analysis were applied to the benthic mollusc fauna. Diversity index values (between 1.71 and 4.43) and evenness index values (between 0.38 and 0.82) were determined in the area. According to Bray Curtis similarity analysis there were 3 distinct species assemblages in the area. The number of individuals, diversity index value, gastropoda and bivalvia species were also positively correlated with temperature

3D-2D registration of vascular structures

In this chapter, a mathematical definition of the 3D–2D registration problem is given and 3D–2D methods are classified with respect to five criteria: type of image modality, spatial transformation, dimensional correspondence, number of 2D views and registration basis. A detailed review of registration bases that define how similarity is assessed between the images is performed, followed by a detailed classification and review of techniques for estimating the spatial transformation via optimization of the similarity. The validation procedures presented constitute an important phase of the development of the registration method and are used to determine the potential of a method for clinical application. This chapter concludes by showcasing the results of state-of-the-art methods on clinical data and discussion of the open challenges in the translation of 3D–2D registration technology into clinical applications