Parallel computing using the multiscale finite element method for sub-surface flow models

Subsurface flows, occurring in groundwater movement and production of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry, are affected by the heterogeneity of the medium varying over large scales. In this thesis, we have used state of the art multiscale methods to solve one such flow model, influenced by high contrast permeability field. The focus is on the elliptic pressure equation which is solved on both fine and coarse scale for comparison purposes. Shared memory parallelism has been achieved for generating basis functions, which is computationally the most expensive portion of the multiscale implementation. Parallel systematic spectral enrichment using the GMsFEM (Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method) is the key feature of the current work and has been compared with the MsFEM (Multiscale Finite Element Method). Efficiency of algorithmic implementation has been first tabulated for a two-dimensional finite element code using the MATLAB parallel computing toolbox and also has been given a more generalized form using a three-dimensional finite element code written in OpenMP (Open Multiprocessing) and C++. The timing comparison shows a significant decline in the execution time for the algorithms. It indicates that a higher level of enrichment and desired accuracy is achievable for large scale problems. Computational time gain and fewer memory requirements are two key features achieved in this work. Distributed parallel computing can further be implemented to achieve mass parallelism through which one can solve large problems accurately and efficiently when compared to benchmark fine scale solutions where global system solver, memory requirements and execution time become significant issues.Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineerin

Study of menstrual disorders and its correlation with BMI in adolescents

Background: Due to change in lifestyle, habits, diet, the prevalence of obesity has increased. Excess weight and obesity are associated with irregular menstrual cycles, which reduce fertility and increase hormone-sensitive cancers. Obesity is considered to cause abnormality of sex steroid hormone balance. Irregular menstruation is more frequently observed in women who became obese during puberty than in those who were obese during infancy. Obesity has a strong association with infertility and menstrual irregularities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Durgapur (West Bengal), where total 600 adolescent girls aged 12-17 years from DAV Model School, Durgapur and GMPS High School, Durgapur were selected. Results: Out of total 600 girls, 119 girls (19.8%) had BMI<18.5 kg/m2, 357 girls (59.5%) had BMI between 18.5-24.99 kg/m2 and 124 girls (20.7%) had BMI>25 kg/m2. Only 68 girls (57.1%) with less BMI, 205 girls (57.4%) with normal BMI and 62 girls (50%) with BMI>25 kg/m2 had dysmenorrhoea. Only 19 girls (16%) with less BMI, 46 girls (12.9%) with normal BMI and only 15 girls (12.1%) with higher BMI had menorrhagia. Only 4 girls (3.4%) with less BMI, 14 girls (3.9%) with normal BMI and 12 girls (9.7%) with high BMI had hypomenorrhoea. Only 10 girls (8.4%) with less BMI, 37 girls (10.4%) with normal BMI and only 28 girls (22.5%) with high BMI had irregular cycles. Only 5 girls (4.2%) with less BMI, 12 girls (3.4%) with normal BMI and only 11 girls (8.9%) with high BMI had oligomenorrhoea. Only 2 girls (1.7%) with less BMI, 3 girls (0.8%) with normal BMI and only 4 girls (3.2%) with higher BMI had polymenorrhoea. Only 43 underweight girls (36.1%), 166 girls (46.5%) with normal BMI and 68 girls (54.8%) with higher BMI had premenstrual symptoms. Conclusions: Mean BMI was found 21.6±3.64 kg/m2. High BMI girls had more oligomenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea, irregular menstrual cycles, polymenorrhoea, premenstrual symptoms and less dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia comparatively to normal BMI girls and underweight girls.

The role of forceps in current obstetrics: a retrospective study

Background: Forceps has been an integral part of the obstetrician’s armamentarium. Obstetric forceps was designed to assist extraction of the fetal head and thereby accomplish the delivery of the fetus. In this present day when there is universal concern regarding the alarming rise of cesarean section rates, a better understanding of this instrument will help the patient as well as the obstetrician. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study done over a two-year period. Cases were enrolled in the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All data compared in terms of age, parity, gestational age, indications, maternal and neonatal outcome. Results: A total of 1150 antenatal cases were delivered out of which 42 cases were delivered by outlet forceps. Incidence of outlet forceps was 3.75%. Mean baby birth weight was 3.07 kg. No maternal mortality and morbidity recorded. Conclusions: Obstetric forceps have a significant place in modern obstetrics as it is a lifesaving procedure for mother and fetus in many situations

SanskritShala: A Neural Sanskrit NLP Toolkit with Web-Based Interface for Pedagogical and Annotation Purposes

We present a neural Sanskrit Natural Language Processing (NLP) toolkit named SanskritShala (a school of Sanskrit) to facilitate computational linguistic analyses for several tasks such as word segmentation, morphological tagging, dependency parsing, and compound type identification. Our systems currently report state-of-the-art performance on available benchmark datasets for all tasks. SanskritShala is deployed as a web-based application, which allows a user to get real-time analysis for the given input. It is built with easy-to-use interactive data annotation features that allow annotators to correct the system predictions when it makes mistakes. We publicly release the source codes of the 4 modules included in the toolkit, 7 word embedding models that have been trained on publicly available Sanskrit corpora and multiple annotated datasets such as word similarity, relatedness, categorization, analogy prediction to assess intrinsic properties of word embeddings. So far as we know, this is the first neural-based Sanskrit NLP toolkit that has a web-based interface and a number of NLP modules. We are sure that the people who are willing to work with Sanskrit will find it useful for pedagogical and annotative purposes. SanskritShala is available at: https://cnerg.iitkgp.ac.in/sanskritshala. The demo video of our platform can be accessed at: https://youtu.be/x0X31Y9k0mw4.Comment: 7 pages, Accepted at ACL23 (Demo track) to be held at Toronto, Canad

Functional evaluation of various modalities of management in floating knee injuries at a tertiary care centre in central India

Background: The injuries involving femur and tibia fractures due to high velocity are known as floating knee injuries. These fractures may involve the shaft, metaphysis or the articular surface. There are many complications associated with these injuries. This study evaluates the functional, clinical and radiological outcomes of floating knee injuries. Methods: A Prospective and interventional study was performed at MGMMC and MYH Hospital, Indore. We included 30 patients in our study. Femur fractures are managed by intramedullary nailing or distal femur plating. Tibia fractures are managed by Intramedullary nailing or tibia plating. Patient were called for regular follow up for a minimum of 6 months. Functional and clinical evaluation done by Karlstorm and olerud scoring system and radiological outcome by union on x rays were done. Results: Out of 30 patients 28 (93.33%) male and 2 (6.66%) female. According to Fraser classification, 17 (56.66%) type 1, 4 (13.33%) type 2A, 4 (13.33%) type2B, 5 (16.66%) type 2C injuries. A majority of the injuries occurred due to road traffic accidents involving right limb 21 (70%) more then left 9 (30%). Knee stiffness occurred in 8, infection in femur 3, infection in tibia 2, malunion of femur 2, limb length discrepancy in 2 patients. Outcome was excellent in 5 (16.66%), Good in 10 (33.33%), Acceptable in 9 (30%) and poor in 6 (20%). Conclusions: Fraser type 1 fracture has excellent results and Fraser type 2C has poor results. Closed fracture has better outcome compared to compound Fractures. A better functional outcome can be determined on the basis of implant choice based on Fraser Classification, level of injury, open or closed injury, simple or compound type of fracture

A neural network based approach for the vehicle classification

This paper presents a neural network based approach for vehicle classification. The proposed vehicle classification approach extracts various features from a vehicle image, normalises and classifies them into one of the known classes. It is based on structural features and a direct solution training method. The preliminary experiments on training and testing of 4 types of vehicles patterns were conducted. The experimental results are very promising and demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach

A neural network based approach for the vehicle classification

This paper presents a neural network based approach for vehicle classification. The proposed vehicle classification approach extracts various features from a vehicle image, normalises and classifies them into one of the known classes. It is based on structural features and a direct solution training method. The preliminary experiments on training and testing of 4 types of vehicles patterns were conducted. The experimental results are very promising and demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach

Effect of air core on flow rate and split in a hydrocyclone

Cyclone is a basic device used for separation of smaller and fine size particles. A hydrocyclone is cyclone that uses water as a bulk fluid. During the operation a back flow of air can occur which results in the formation of an air core. The air core is removed by inserting a rod length from bottom to tip of the vortex of the hydrocyclone. An experimental study has been attempted to study the effects of air core on total flow rate and split. The work presents to compare the total flow rate and split between a conventional hydrocyclone and a modified hydrocyclone in which the air core is replaced by an aluminum rod insert