A Russian in Malaya: Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay’s Expedition to the Malay Peninsula and the Early Anthropology of Orang Asli

This article presents a critical overview of the newly translated diary of Russian anthropologist Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay's expedition to the Malay Peninsula(November 1874 – October 1875) to study its indigenous peoples, today known as Orang Asli. At the forefront of modern anthropological practice, Maclay spent long periods of time in the field in order to study different peoples and cultures during the nineteenth century. His expeditions to New Guinea, Australia and Melanesia are well-known in the history of anthropology but his travels in the Malay Peninsula remain poorly understood and little studied. Govor and Manickam present an analysis of their new translation and annotation of the diary, highlighting its contribution to racial theories of the region and to understanding the dynamics of Malay statecraft and British colonialism on the peninsula. The diary is also one of the earliest studies of indigenous people of the Malay Peninsula, thus giving historians and anthropologists alike a glimpse into indigenous life in the late-nineteenth century. The article will present excerpts from the diary that illustrate the main themes while framing the material within the history of anthropology of Orang Asli and of colonialism in the area

Artificial intelligence, decision-making and principles of justice

The authors report is on the opening of the world of programming and jurisprudence: the creation of artificial intelligence, the ability to make judgments. It discloses the relevant actions of artificial intelligence and principles of applicable proceedings

Artificial intelligence, decision-making and principles of justice

The authors report is on the opening of the world of programming and jurisprudence: the creation of artificial intelligence, the ability to make judgments. It discloses the relevant actions of artificial intelligence and principles of applicable proceedings

Ranking the VIR collection of maize (Zea mays L.) according to the traits valuable for breeding in the soil and climate environments of the Republic of Belarus

Background. Studying the maize collection held by VIR requires a comprehensive assessment of all its traits of breeding value. The soil and climate conditions in Gomel Province, Republic of Belarus, are characterized by insufficient levels of rainfall and total active temperatures during the initial stages of organogenesis in maize plants, therefore it is important to take into account these specific climate features when selecting the source material for breeding.Materials and methods. Sixty-seven maize accessions from the VIR collection (reproductions of 1975–1980) were phenotyped according to major traits of breeding value. The experiments were performed in 2016 and 2017 in two replications.Results. Analyzing the duration of the period from emergence to cob flowering helped to identify 61% of the accessions that were classified into early- and mid-ripening groups; 55% that were severely damaged by Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., and 45% showing weak and medium damage; 7.5% severely affected by Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda, and 67% without damage. Maize lines were identified (YuV24, CM7, TF907, Fc1554) with low harvesting moisture content in grain (up to 20%), lines (TF907, TF903, TF901, CM25, YuV24) with high grain yield per cob (80%), and lines (P346, Fc1554, Q184, TF903, F676) prone to the formation of two ears.Conclusion. The research results proved the efficiency of the assessment of maize accessions from VIR for traits of breeding value in the water- and heatdeficient environments of Belarus in order to use them as source material in hybrid breeding

Origins of archaeology in the Pacific: The emergence and application of archaeological field techniques

When was archaeology first practised in the Pacific as a distinct discipline – that is, following a prescribed set of field methods to investigate human change over time, different from those used for other areas such as ethnology, geology, or linguistics? Did Pacific archaeology develop as the application of a metropolitan model, or did it evolve in situ, progressing in fits and starts and communicated only sporadically?We approach these questions by exploring the nature of early archaeological practice in the Pacific from the 1870s to the 1900s, as it was imagined in metropolitan manuals and instructions issued by German and British institutions, and comparing this with the development of actual practices in the field. We also discuss how early archaeological excavations and artefacts (prehistoric material culture) from the Pacific were interpreted, in prescription and in practice, and consider how these interpretations related to European perceptions of Pacific peoples

Magnetostructure of MnAs on GaAs revisited

The ferromagnetic to nonferromagnetic (α-β) phase transition in epitaxial MnAs layers on GaAs(100) is studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism photoemission electron microscopy in order to elucidate the nature of the controversial nonferromagnetic state of β-MnAs. In the coexistence region of the two phases the β phase shows a clear XMLD signal characteristic of antiferromagnetism. The nature and the possible causes of the elusiveness of this magnetic state are discussed

APPLICATIONS OF UV-LIGA AND GRAYSCALE LITHOGRAPHY FOR DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES

In the article MEMS technologies for display production and application presented. UV-LIGA and greyscale lithography based on SU-8 resist approaches were shown. Methods, technologies and structures of heterogeneous materials with soft magnetic properties, pros and cons are discussed. Unique specific parameters of soft magnetic composite material were achieved: magnetic induction of saturation – 2,1 Т, working frequency range – up to 1 MHz, permeability – up to 3000, total loss – 8 W/kg, Curie temperature – above 800 ºС. Electroplating allows deposition of soft magnetic alloys on the conductive substrate. Metals like Fe, Ni, Co with additives like B, P were used to get the best soft magnetic properties. Special codeposition process was developed to allow insertion of soft magnetic composite powder filaments into soft magnetic matrix formed during. It allows developing magnetic micromotors for display production. Simulation of the hybrid step micromotors was carried out in Ansys Maxwell 19. It was demonstrated that it is possible to get 10 mN m tourqe under 25 μm rotor-stator air gap. Only presented microtechnologies can provide such accuracy of the mciromotors elements. As for greyscale photolithography, special grey mask were developed and it was demonstrated the possibility to produce controllable real 3D relief on the SU-8 photoresist. Thus, microtechnologies should be integrated into display technology to provide cost effective production and advanced properties of final products.In the article MEMS technologies for display production and application presented. UV-LIGA and greyscale lithography based on SU-8 resist approaches were shown. Methods, technologies and structures of heterogeneous materials with soft magnetic properties, pros and cons are discussed. Unique specific parameters of soft magnetic composite material were achieved: magnetic induction of saturation – 2,1 Т, working frequency range – up to 1 MHz, permeability – up to 3000, total loss – 8 W/kg, Curie temperature – above 800 ºС. Electroplating allows deposition of soft magnetic alloys on the conductive substrate. Metals like Fe, Ni, Co with additives like B, P were used to get the best soft magnetic properties. Special codeposition process was developed to allow insertion of soft magnetic composite powder filaments into soft magnetic matrix formed during. It allows developing magnetic micromotors for display production. Simulation of the hybrid step micromotors was carried out in Ansys Maxwell 19. It was demonstrated that it is possible to get 10 mN m tourqe under 25 μm rotor-stator air gap. Only presented microtechnologies can provide such accuracy of the mciromotors elements. As for greyscale photolithography, special grey mask were developed and it was demonstrated the possibility to produce controllable real 3D relief on the SU-8 photoresist. Thus, microtechnologies should be integrated into display technology to provide cost effective production and advanced properties of final products

Experiment for Testing Special Relativity Theory

An experiment aimed at testing special relativity via a comparison of the velocity of a non matter particle (annihilation photon) with the velocity of the matter particle (Compton electron) produced by the second annihilation photon from the decay Na-22(beta^+)Ne-22 is proposed.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, Report on the Conference of Nuclear Physics Division of Russian Academy of Science "Physics of Fundamental Interactions", ITEP, Moscow, November 26-30, 200

Strong fragmentation of low-energy electromagnetic excitation strength in 117^{117}Sn

Results of nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments on $^{117}$Sn are reported. More than 50 $\gamma$ transitions with $E_{\gamma} < 4$ MeV were detected indicating a strong fragmentation of the electromagnetic excitation strength. For the first time microscopic calculations making use of a complete configuration space for low-lying states are performed in heavy odd-mass spherical nuclei. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the data. It is concluded that although the E1 transitions are the strongest ones also M1 and E2 decays contribute substantially to the observed spectra. In contrast to the neighboring even $^{116-124}$Sn, in $^{117}$Sn the $1^-$ component of the two-phonon $[2^+_1 \otimes 3^-_1]$ quintuplet built on top of the 1/2$^+$ ground state is proved to be strongly fragmented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Search for the electric dipole excitations to the 3s1/2⊗[21+⊗31−]3s_{1/2} \otimes [2^{+}_{1} \otimes 3^{-}_{1}] multiplet in 117^{117}Sn

The odd-mass $^{117}$Sn nucleus was investigated in nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments up to an endpoint energy of the incident photon spectrum of 4.1 MeV at the bremsstrahlung facility of the Stuttgart University. More than 50 mainly hitherto unknown levels were found. From the measurement of the scattering cross sections model independent absolute electric dipole excitation strengths were extracted. The measured angular distributions suggested the spins of 11 excited levels. Quasi-particle phonon model calculations including a complete configuration space were performed for the first time for a heavy odd-mass spherical nucleus. These calculations give a clear insight in the fragmentation and distribution of the $E1$, $M1$, and $E2$ excitation strength in the low energy region. It is proven that the $1^{-}$ component of the two-phonon $[2^{+}_{1} \otimes 3^{-}_{1}]$ quintuplet built on top of the $1/2^{+}$ ground state is strongly fragmented. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure