ADEA‐ADEE Shaping the Future of Dental Education III: Assessment in Competency‐Based Dental Education: Ways Forward

Assessment in competency-based dental education continues to be a recognized area for growth and development within dental programs around the world. At the joint American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) 2019 conference, Shaping the Future of Dental Education III, the workshop on assessment was designed to continue the discussion started in 2017 at the ADEA-ADEE Shaping the Future of Dental Education II.1 The focus of the 2019 conference involved examining the potential of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and current thinking about workplace-based assessment (WBA) within competency-based education in the 21st century. Approximately 30 years ago, George Miller wrote about the assessment of competence in medical education and challenged faculty to reach for higher levels of assessment than knowledge or skill.2 Acknowledging that no one assessment method can result in a valid assessment of competence, Miller proposed a four-level framework for assessment. The lowest level involves measuring what students know ( knows ), followed by assessment of the skill with which knowledge is applied in relevant tasks or problems ( knows how ). Next is an assessment of task performance in standardized settings ( shows how ), and finally, the highest level assesses the student\u27s performance in the unstandardized clinical workplace ( does ). The 2019 assessment workshop focused on advances in the assessment of learners in the unstandardized workplace-the highest level of Miller\u27s assessment pyramid ( does ). Research has shown that dental education has struggled to implement assessment strategies that meet this level.3 The workshop brought together individuals from around the world, with an interest in assessment in dental education, to consider how assessment in the does level, specifically EPAs and WBA, factors into competence assessment in dentistry/dental educatio

Modelling of the long-term evolution and performance of engineered barrier system

Components of the so-called “multiple-barrier system” from the waste form to the biosphere include a combination of waste containers, engineered barriers, and natural barriers. The Engineered Barrier System (EBS) is crucial for containment and isolation in a radioactive waste disposal system. The number, types, and assigned safety functions of the various engineered barriers depend on the chosen repository concept, the waste form, the radionuclides waste inventory, the selected host rock, and the hydrogeological and geochemical settings of the repository site, among others. EBS properties will evolve with time in response to the thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, radiological, and chemical gradients and interactions between the various constituents of the barriers and the host rock. Therefore, assessing how these properties evolve over long time frames is highly relevant for evaluating the performance of a repository system and safety function evaluations in a safety case. For this purpose, mechanistic numerical models are increasingly used. Such models provide an excellent way for integrating into a coherent framework a scientific understanding of coupled processes and their consequences on different properties of the materials in the EBS. Their development and validation are supported by R&D actions at the European level. For example, within the HORIZON 2020 project BEACON (Bentonite mechanical evolution), the development, test, and validation of numerical models against experimental results have been carried out in order to predict the evolution of the hydromechanical properties of bentonite during the saturation process. Also, in relation to the coupling with mechanics, WP16 MAGIC (chemo Mechanical AGIng of Cementitious materials) of the EURAD Joint Programming Initiative focuses on multi-scale chemo-mechanical modeling of cementitious-based materials that evolve under chemical perturbation. Integration of chemical evolution in models of varying complexity is a major issue tackled in the WP2 ACED (Assessment of Chemical Evolution of ILW and HLW Disposal cells) of EURAD. WP4 DONUT (Development and improvement of numerical methods and tools for modeling coupled processes) of EURAD aims at developing and improving numerical models and tools to integrate more complexity and coupling between processes. The combined progress of those projects at a pan-European level definitively improves the understanding of and the capabilities for assessing the long-term evolution of engineered barrier systems

The potential diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing in pregnancies complicated by fetal ultrasound anomalies

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the potential diagnostic yield of prenatal whole exome sequencing in fetuses with structural anomalies on expert ultrasound scans and normal chromosomal microarray results. Material and methods: In the period 2013-2016, 391 pregnant women with fetal ultrasound anomalies who received normal chromosomal microarray results, were referred for additional genetic counseling and opted for additional molecular testing pre- and/or postnatally. Most of the couples received only a targeted molecular test and in 159 cases (40.7%) whole exome sequencing (broad gene panels or open exome) was performed. The results of these molecular tests were evaluated retrospectively, regardless of the time of the genetic diagnosis (prenatal or postnatal). Results: In 76 of 391 fetuses (19.4%, 95% CI 15.8%-23.6%) molecular testing provided a genetic diagnosis with identification of (likely) pathogenic variants. In the majority of cases (91.1%, 73/76) the (likely) pathogenic variant would be detected by prenatal whole exome sequencing analysis. Conclusions: Our retrospective cohort study shows that prenatal whole exome sequencing, if offered by a clinical geneticist, in addition to chromosomal microarray, would notably incre

Correlation matrices

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995. In this paper we introduce the correlation matrix of a Boolean mapping, a useful concept in demonstrating and proving properties of Boolean functions and mappings. It is argued that correlation matrices are the “natural” representation for the proper understanding and description of the mechanisms of linear cryptanalysis [4]. It is also shown that the difference propagation probabilities and the table consisting of the squared elements of the correlation matrix are linked by a scaled Walsh-Hadamard transform.status: publishe

A framework for the design of one-way hash functions including cryptanalysis of Damgård's one-way function based on a cellular automaton

© 1993, Springer Verlag. All rights reserved. At Crypto '89 Ivan Damgård [1] presented a method that allows one to construct a computationally collision free hash function that has provably the same level of security as the computationally collision free function with input of constant length that it is based upon. He also gave three examples of collision free functions to use in this construction. For two of these examples collisions have been found [2]. [3], and the third one is attacked in this paper. Furthermore it is argued that his construction and proof, in spite of their theoretical importance, encourage inefficient designs in the case of practical hash functions. A framework is presented for the direct design of collision free hash functions. Finally a concrete proposal is presented named Cellhash.status: publishe

A new approach towards block cipher design

status: publishe

Resynchronization Weaknesses in Synchronous Stream Ciphers

In some applications for synchronous stream ciphers, the risk of loss of synchronization cannot be eliminated completely. In these cases frequent resynchronization or resynchronization upon request may be necessary. In the paper it is shown that this can lead to significant deterioration of the cryptographic security. A powerful general attack on nonlinearly filtered linear (over ZZ2) systems is presented. This attack is further refined to efficiently cryptanalyze a linear system with a multiplexer as output function

A Practical Approach to the Design of High Speed Self-Synchronizing Stream Ciphers

An engineering oriented approach for the design of self-synchronizing stream ciphers is given. To show that it is useful in practice, an actual design is presented and motivated. This SSSC is claimed to be fast (gate delay 2 XORs), cryptographically secure and easily implementable in hardware (standard cells)