Cannabidiol Prevents Motor and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Reserpine in Rats

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa that presents antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In Parkinson's disease patients, CBD is able to attenuate the psychotic symptoms induced by L-DOPA and to improve quality of life. Repeated administration of reserpine in rodents induces motor impairments that are accompanied by cognitive deficits, and has been applied to model both tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated whether CBD administration would attenuate reserpine-induced motor and cognitive impairments in rats. Male Wistar rats received four injections of CBD (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (days 2-5). On days 3 and 5, animals received also one injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine or vehicle. Locomotor activity, vacuous chewing movements, and catalepsy were assessed from day 1 to day 7. On days 8 and 9, we evaluated animals' performance on the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, for learning/memory assessment. CBD (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) attenuated the increase in catalepsy behavior and in oral movements - but not the decrease in locomotion induced by reserpine. CBD (0.5 mg/kg) also ameliorated the reserpine-induced memory deficit in the discriminative avoidance task. Our data show that CBD is able to attenuate motor and cognitive impairments induced by reserpine, suggesting the use of this compound in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Interdisciplinary Lab Clin Neurosci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Neurosci & Behav, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilNatl Council Sci & Technol Dev, Natl Inst Translat Med, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2010/07994-3FAPESP: 2015/03354-3CNPq/MS/SCTIE/DECIT: 26/2014CNPq/MS/SCTIE/DECIT: 466805/2014-4Web of Scienc

Caracterização de comportamentos hedônicos em um modelo animal de esquizofrenia: a linhagem shr (spontaneously hypertensive rat)

Objetivo: Caracterizar o comportamento hedônico consumatório e antecipatório na linhagem SHR e estender a avaliação do comportamento social da linhagem. Métodos: Para a caracterização do comportamento hedônico consumatório foi utilizado o Teste de Preferência por Sacarose em duas versões diferentes, permitindo uma análise pontual (Protocolo 1) e outra prolongada (Protocolo 2) do comportamento. Foi calculada porcentagem de preferência pela sacarose em relação a água através da mensuração do consumo de sacarose em ambos os protocolos. Com relação a caracterização do comportamento antecipatório foram utilizados os Testes de Contraste Positivo e de Contraste Negativo. A capacidade do animal antecipar e adaptar seu comportamento ao novo estímulo foi avaliado pelo tempo de consumo da solução de sacarose. Para estender a avaliação do comportamento social foi utilizado o Teste de Investigação Social. Foi observado o tempo de investigação entre o estímulo social e o estímulo neutro apresentado. Em todos os testes os animais SHR tinham de 3 a 5 meses e foram comparados com a linhagem Wistar como controle. Resultados: Ambos os testes de Preferência por Sacarose revelaram um aumento da preferência por sacarose em relação a água (estímulo neutro). Sendo que observou-se um possível déficit na linhagem SHR na capacidade de atribuir um valor a recompensa no protocolo 1. Já no protocolo 2 a linhagem SHR apresentou uma preferência continua pela sacarose, enquanto que a linhagem Wistar demonstrou um desinteresse pela sacarose ao longo do tempo. Os testes de contraste a principio evidenciaram que tanto a linhagem Wistar quanto a linhagem SHR percebem a mudança no valor da recompensa, contudo a linhagem SHR parece apresentar um consumo mais elevado quando a sua expectativa é mais baixa. Além disso, parece que os SHR não captam mudanças mais sutis nos valores de recompensa esperadas. O teste de investigação social apontou um déficit na investigação social, apresentando menor interesse e motivação ao investigar um estímulo social novo, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusões: A caracterização dos comportamentos hedônicos na linhagem SHR revelou alterações no comportamento consumatório, a linhagem prefere mais a sacarose, que os Wistar. E parece perceber estímulos prazerosos de grande valência de forma errônea, atribuindo uma saliência exacerbada dele. Essas características podem modelar alterações em portadores de esquizofrenia, já que o ser humano com esse transtorno parece dar saliências erradas a estímulos ambientais. O déficit na investigação social, vai de encontro com dados prévios de nosso modelo, e fortalece a capacidade de mimetizar a sintomatologia negativa presente na esquizofrenia.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2013 a 2016

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data