Simulation of Fuel Poverty in France

International audienc

Rapport final du projet MODCHAR2 : Modélisation des pressions agricoles et de leur impact 2013-2015 - Evaluation environnementale et économique de scénarios agricoles par modélisation intégrée (IMAS) dans le bassin versant de la Charente

Non-point source pollution is a cause of major concern within the European Union. This is reflected in increasing public and political focus on a more sustainable use of pesticides, as well as a reduction in diffuse pollution. Climate change will likely to lead to an even more intensive use of pesticides in the future, affecting agriculture in many ways. At the same time, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and associated EU policies called for a ‘good’ ecological and chemical status to be achieved for water bodies by the end of 2015, currently delayed to 2021-2027 due to a lack of efficiency in policies and timescale of resilience for hydrosystems, especially groundwater systems. Water managers need appropriate and user-friendly tools to design agro-environmental policies. These tools should help them to evaluate the potential impacts of mitigation measures on water resources, more clearly define protected areas, and more efficiently distribute financial incentives to farmers who agree to implement alternative practices. At present, a number of reports point out that water managers do not use appropriate information from monitoring or models to make decisions and set environmental action plans. In this paper, we propose an integrated and collaborative approach to analyzing changes in land use, farming systems and practices, and to assess their effects on agricultural pressure and pesticide transfers to waters. The IMAS (Integrated Modelling of Agricultural Scenarios) framework draws on a range of data and expert knowledge available within areas where a pesticide action plan can be defined to restore the water quality: French ‘Grenelle law’ catchment areas, French Water Development and Management Plan areas etc. A so called ‘reference scenario’ represents the actual soil occupation and pesticide spraying practices used in both conventional and organic farming. A number of alternative scenarios are then defined in co-operation with stakeholders, including socio-economic conditions for developing alternative agricultural systems or targeting mitigation measures. Our integrated assessment of these scenarios combines the calculation of spatialized environmental indicators with integrated bio-economic modelling. The latter is achieved by a combined use of SWAT modelling with our own purpose-built land-use generator module (GenLU2) and an economic model developed using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) for cost-effectiveness assessment. This integrated approach is applied to two embedded catchment areas (total area of 360 000 hectares) within the Charente river basin (SW France). Our results show that it is possible to differentiate scenarios based on their effectiveness, represented by either evolution of pressure (agro-environmental indicators) or transport into waters (pesticide concentrations). By analyzing the implementation costs borne by farmers, it is possible to identify the most cost-effective scenarios at sub-basin and other aggregated levels (WFD hydrological entities, sensitive areas). Relevant results and indicators are fed into a specifically designed database. Data warehousing is used to provide analyses and outputs at all thematic, temporal or spatial aggregated levels, defined by the stakeholders (type of crops, herbicides, WFD areas, years), using Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing (SOLAP) tools. The aim of this approach is to allow public policy makers to make more informed and reasoned decisions when managing sensitive areas and/or implementing mitigation measures

The Road to IMT-Advanced Communication Systems: State-of-the-Art and Innovation Areas Addressed by the WINNER+ Project

The WINNER project phases I and II contributed to the development, integration and assessment of new mobile networks techniques from 2004 to 2007. Some of these techniques are now in the 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards, while others are under consideration for LTE-Advanced and 802.16m. The WINNER+ project continues this forward-looking work for IMT-Advanced technologies and their evolutions, with a particular focus on 3GPP LTE-Advanced. This article provides an overview of the WINNER system concept and several of its key innovative components

The Road to IMT-Advanced Communication Systems: State-of-the-Art and Innovation Areas Addressed by the WINNER+ Project

The WINNER project phases I and II contributed to the development, integration and assessment of new mobile networks techniques from 2004 to 2007. Some of these techniques are now in the 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards, while others are under consideration for LTE-Advanced and 802.16m. The WINNER+ project continues this forward-looking work for IMT-Advanced technologies and their evolutions, with a particular focus on 3GPP LTE-Advanced. This article provides an overview of the WINNER system concept and several of its key innovative components

CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D2.1 Preliminary WINNER+ System Concept

This deliverable provides an overview of the WINNER+ system concept which encompasses the following innovations areas for IMT-Advanced technologies: advanced RRM, spectrum technologies, advanced co-located antennas and coordinated multipoint systems. The concepts of each of these areas are described thoroughly. These concepts are composed of techniques and methods that were identified out of a wider set

CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D2.2 Enabling Techniques for LTE-A and beyond

This deliverable summarizes the most promising enabling techniques for LTE-A and beyond in seven major areas. These areas are: Carrier Aggregation, Coordinated Multipoint Systems, Femtocells, Network Coding, MIMO, Quality of Service, Resource allocation, and Relaying. A description of the most relevant scenarios where the techniques can be used is given. Further the end-2-end performance approach is presented. Finally future research directions of enabling techniques beyond LTE-A are given

CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D2.2 Enabling Techniques for LTE-A and beyond

This deliverable summarizes the most promising enabling techniques for LTE-A and beyond in seven major areas. These areas are: Carrier Aggregation, Coordinated Multipoint Systems, Femtocells, Network Coding, MIMO, Quality of Service, Resource allocation, and Relaying. A description of the most relevant scenarios where the techniques can be used is given. Further the end-2-end performance approach is presented. Finally future research directions of enabling techniques beyond LTE-A are given

EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-247223 ARTIST4G, D5.1 Scenarios, Key Performance Indicators and Evaluation Methodology for Advanced Cellular Systems

The following document states what performance indicators,evaluation scenarios and evaluation methodologies should be used within the ARTIST4G project in order to meet the overall objective: an increased and more uniform quality of service within the radio network