77 research outputs found
Josette Brun, dir., Interrelations femmes-mĂ©dias dans lâAmĂ©rique française
Interrelations femmes-mĂ©dias dans lâAmĂ©rique française propose un regard sur la place quâoccupent les femmes francophones dans les mĂ©dias en AmĂ©rique du Nord. Le thĂšme est dâabord abordĂ© dâun point de vue historique en privilĂ©giant notamment lâun des premiers mĂ©dias utilisĂ©s par les femmes : lâĂ©criture. Sâensuivent alors les enjeux reprĂ©sentĂ©s par la littĂ©rature, la communication, le droit et le journalisme. Cet ouvrage met en exergue des recherches et propos peu abordĂ©s en France et dans les..
Christian Agbobli, dir., Quelle communication pour quel changement ? Les dessous du changement social
Quelle communication pour quel changement ? Les dessous du changement social est lâaboutissement dâune vingtaine de textes portant sur la place de la communication dans le changement social et traite du sujet de maniĂšre thĂ©orique autant que critique. La notion de changement est donc fortement prĂ©sente dans toutes les contributions de lâouvrage. En effet, la communication se manifeste de plusieurs façons, tant dâun point de vue thĂ©orique que technologique, culturel ou encore international. Que..
Retour post-isolement en milieu psychiatrique : dĂ©veloppement, implantation et Ă©valuation dâune intervention en soins aigus
Lâisolement avec ou sans contention (IC) en milieu psychiatrique touche prĂšs dâun patient sur quatre au QuĂ©bec (Dumais, Larue, Drapeau, MĂ©nard, & GiguĂšre-Allard, 2011). Il est pourtant largement documentĂ© que cette pratique porte prĂ©judice aux patients, aux infirmiĂšres et Ă lâorganisation (Stewart, Van der Merwe, Bowers, Simpson, & Jones, 2010). Cette mesure posant un problĂšme Ă©thique fait lâobjet de politiques visant Ă la restreindre, voire Ă lâĂ©liminer. Les Ă©tudes sur lâexpĂ©rience de lâisolement du patient de mĂȘme que sur la perception des infirmiĂšres identifient le besoin d'un retour sur cet Ă©vĂšnement. Plusieurs Ă©quipes de chercheurs proposent un retour post-isolement (REPI) intĂ©grant Ă la fois lâĂ©quipe traitante, plus particuliĂšrement les infirmiĂšres, et le patient comme intervention afin de diminuer lâincidence de lâIC. Le REPI vise lâĂ©change Ă©motionnel, lâanalyse des Ă©tapes ayant menĂ© Ă la prise de dĂ©cision dâIC et la projection des interventions futures.
Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper, implanter et Ă©valuer le REPI auprĂšs des intervenants et des patients dâune unitĂ© de soins psychiatriques aigus afin dâamĂ©liorer leur expĂ©rience de soins. Les questions de recherche Ă©taient : 1) Quel est le contexte dâimplantation du REPI? 2) Quels sont les Ă©lĂ©ments facilitants et les obstacles Ă lâimplantation du REPI selon les patients et les intervenants? 3) Quelle est la perception des patients et des intervenants des modalitĂ©s et retombĂ©es du REPI?; et 4) Lâimplantation du REPI est-elle associĂ©e Ă une diminution de la prĂ©valence et de la durĂ©e des Ă©pisodes dâIC?
Cette Ă©tude de cas instrumentale (Stake, 1995, 2008) Ă©tait ancrĂ©e dans une approche participative. Le cas Ă©tait celui de lâunitĂ© de soins psychiatriques aigus pour premier Ă©pisode psychotique oĂč a Ă©tĂ© implantĂ© le REPI. En premier lieu, le dĂ©veloppement du REPI a dâabord fait lâobjet dâune documentation du contexte par une immersion dans le milieu (n=56 heures) et des entretiens individuels avec un Ă©chantillonnage de convenance (n=3 patients, n=14 intervenants). Un comitĂ© dâexperts (lâĂ©tudiante-chercheuse, six infirmiĂšres du milieu et un patient partenaire) a par la suite dĂ©veloppĂ© le REPI qui comporte deux volets : avec le patient et en Ă©quipe. LâĂ©valuation des retombĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e par des entretiens individuels (n= 3 patients, n= 12 intervenants) et lâexamen de la prĂ©valence et de la durĂ©e des IC six mois avant et aprĂšs lâimplantation du REPI. Les donnĂ©es qualitatives ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©es selon une analyse thĂ©matique (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014), tandis que les donnĂ©es quantitatives ont fait lâobjet de tests descriptifs et non-paramĂ©triques.
Les rĂ©sultats proposent que le contexte dâimplantation est dĂ©fini par des normes implicites et explicites oĂč lâutilisation de lâIC peut gĂ©nĂ©rer un cercle vicieux de comportements agressifs nourris par un profond sentiment dâinjustice de la part des patients. Ceux-ci ont lâimpression quâils doivent se conformer aux attentes du personnel et aux rĂšgles de lâunitĂ©. Les participants ont exprimĂ© le besoin de crĂ©er des opportunitĂ©s pour une communication authentique qui pourrait avoir lieu lors du REPI, bien que sa pratique soit variable dâun intervenant Ă un autre.
Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que le principal Ă©lĂ©ment ayant facilitĂ© lâimplantation du REPI est lâapproche participative de lâĂ©tude, alors que les obstacles rencontrĂ©s relĂšvent surtout de la complexitĂ© de la mise en Ćuvre du REPI en Ă©quipe. Lors du REPI avec le patient, les infirmiĂšres ont pu explorer ses sentiments et son point de vue, ce qui a favorisĂ© la reconstruction de la relation thĂ©rapeutique. Quant au REPI avec lâĂ©quipe de soins, il a Ă©tĂ© perçu comme une opportunitĂ© dâapprentissage, ce qui a permis dâajuster le plan dâintervention des patients. Suite Ă lâimplantation du REPI, les rĂ©sultats ont dâailleurs montrĂ© une rĂ©duction significative de lâutilisation de lâisolement et du temps passĂ© en isolement.
Les rĂ©sultats de cette thĂšse soulignent la possibilitĂ© dâoutrepasser le malaise initial perçu tant par le patient que par lâinfirmiĂšre en systĂ©matisant le REPI. De plus, cette Ă©tude met lâaccent sur le besoin dâune prĂ©sence authentique pour atteindre un partage significatif dans la relation thĂ©rapeutique, ce qui est la pierre dâassise de la pratique infirmiĂšre en santĂ© mentale. Cette Ă©tude contribue aux connaissances sur la prĂ©vention des comportements agressifs en milieu psychiatrique en documentant le contexte dans lequel se situe lâIC, en proposant un REPI comportant deux volets de REPI et en explorant ses retombĂ©es. Nos rĂ©sultats soutiennent le potentiel du dĂ©veloppement dâune prĂ©vention tertiaire qui intĂšgre Ă la fois la perspective des patients et des intervenants.In Quebec, seclusion with or without restraint (SR) affects nearly one in four patients in psychiatric wards (Dumais, Larue, Drapeau, MĂ©nard & GiguĂšre-Allard, 2011). It is widely recognized that this practice affects patients, nurses, and organizations (Stewart, Van der Merwe, Bowers, Simpson, & Jones, 2010). Coercive measures pose an ethical dilemma and are the object of policies aimed at reducing or even eliminating their use. Studies on patientsâ experience and nursesâ perception of seclusion showed the need for a review of the seclusion event. Several teams of researchers proposed a post-seclusion and-or restraint review (PSRR) involving both the staff and the patient as an intervention to reduce the incidence of SR. It aims at exchanges on emotions, analysis of the steps leading to the decision to use SR, and projection of future interventions.
The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a PSRR with patient and staff of an acute psychiatric care unit to improve their care experience. The research questions were: 1) What is the context of implementation of the PSRR? 2) What are the facilitators and barriers to PSRR implementation according to patients and staff? 3) What is the point of view of patients and staff regarding the modalities and impact of PSRR?, and 4) Is PSRR implementation associated with a decreased prevalence of SR and a reduction of hours spent in SR?
This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995, 2008) was rooted in a participatory approach. The case was an acute psychiatric care unit specialized in first-episode psychosis. To document the context prior to the implementation of the PSRR, the principal investigator went through a 56-hour immersion on the unit and individually interviewed a convenience sample of staff (n= 14) and patients (n= 3). A committee of experts (the principal investigator, six nurses from the unit and a patient partner) developed the two PSRR tools (one for the patient and one for the staff) that were implemented. To evaluate the impact of the PSRR, patients (n = 3) and staff (n =12) were interviewed and data on the prevalence and duration of SR were collected before (6 months) and after (6 months) the implementation of the PSRR. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis (Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, 2014) and administrative data were analyzed with descriptive and non-parametric statistics.
The findings were that, for patients, the context of implementation was defined by implicit and explicit standards. They felt they had to conform to staff expectations and unitâs rules. Patients believed that the use of SR could create a vicious circle of aggressive behaviours fuelled by their profound feeling of injustice regarding SR. Participantsâ viewpoint showed the ongoing need to foster opportunities for authentic communication, especially through a PSSR. The practice of PSSR seemed to vary from one staff member to the other.
For staff, findings suggested that the main facilitator for the implementation of the PSRR was the studyâs participatory approach, while barriers were related to the difficulties in involving all witnesses of the SR witnesses within the staff PSSR. During the PSRR with the patient, nurses felt they could explore patientâs feelings and point of view, which led to the restoration of the therapeutic relationship. The staff PSRR was perceived as a learning opportunity and allowed for adjusting the patientâs treatment plan. There was a significant reduction in the use and the duration of seclusion in comparison with data prior to implementation.
The findings highlighted the possibility to overcome the perceived discomfort of all parties regarding SR by systematizing the use of a PSRR with patients and staff. Additionally, the findings emphasized the need for a genuine presence of the nurse to achieve meaningful sharing in the therapeutic relationship, which is the cornerstone of mental health nursing. This study contributed to knowledge on the management of aggressive behaviour in psychiatric settings by shedding light on the context in which SR practices occur, by offering two PSRR tools, and by exploring the impact of their implementation. The results supported the potential of a participatory research approach in which patients and staff perspectives were taken into account to develop alternatives approaches to the use of SR
Yves ThĂ©orĂȘt, Antoine Char, Margot Ricard, dirs, Born in the usa. Les mĂ©dias quĂ©bĂ©cois sous influence
Born in the usa. Les mĂ©dias quĂ©bĂ©cois sous influence est le fruit de la seconde Ă©dition de lâAnnuelle de lâĂ©cole des mĂ©dias de lâUniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă MontrĂ©al (uqam) rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2007. Le but de cette rencontre de deux jours Ă©tait de dresser un bilan sur lâinfluence amĂ©ricaine concernant lâexpression culturelle et les mĂ©dias dâinformation au QuĂ©bec. Ainsi des chercheurs et professionnels (journalistes, consultants en communication ou encore comĂ©diens) ont-ils voulu mettre en Ă©vidence comment..
Yves ThĂ©orĂȘt, Antoine Char, Margot Ricard, dirs, Born in the usa. Les mĂ©dias quĂ©bĂ©cois sous influence
Born in the usa. Les mĂ©dias quĂ©bĂ©cois sous influence est le fruit de la seconde Ă©dition de lâAnnuelle de lâĂ©cole des mĂ©dias de lâUniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă MontrĂ©al (uqam) rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2007. Le but de cette rencontre de deux jours Ă©tait de dresser un bilan sur lâinfluence amĂ©ricaine concernant lâexpression culturelle et les mĂ©dias dâinformation au QuĂ©bec. Ainsi des chercheurs et professionnels (journalistes, consultants en communication ou encore comĂ©diens) ont-ils voulu mettre en Ă©vidence comment..
GĂ©rard Bouchard, Lâinterculturalisme. Un point de vue quĂ©bĂ©cois
Le modĂšle de gestion de la diversitĂ© ethnoculturelle au QuĂ©bec, lâinterculturalisme, a commencĂ© Ă Ă©merger au milieu du xxe siĂšcle et dĂ©coule essentiellement de la prise de conscience de la diversitĂ© issue des importantes vagues dâimmigration Ă compter des annĂ©es 60. Ă lâĂ©poque de la RĂ©volution tranquille naĂźt Ă©galement une nouvelle dĂ©finition de lâidentitĂ© canadienne française : lâidentitĂ© quĂ©bĂ©coise. Le QuĂ©bec a voulu Ă©galement se distinguer du multiculturalisme canadien qui, selon les pense..
L'invention de la communauté dans le cycle romanesque corrézien de Richard Millet
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
Self-help Treatment for At-risk and Pathological Gamblers: Results From an Efficacy Study
Available evidence suggests that self-help treatments may reduce problem gambling severity and gambling behaviour. However, decrease of gambling among control groups and rare assessment of key variables associated with improvement across studies leave the benefits of self-help treatments for problem gambling unclear. The current study assesses the efficacy of a self-help treatment program including three motivational telephone interviews spread over an 11-week period and a cognitive-behavioral self-help workbook. At-risk and pathological gamblers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 31) or the waiting list (n = 31). Relative to the waiting list, the treatment group presented a significant reduction in the number of DSM-5 pathological gambling criteria met, gambling habits (frequency, money and time spent gambling, and gambling consequences at 11 weeks. Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction also significantly improved after 11 weeks for the treatment group, whereas no significant changes were observed for the waiting list group. All significant changes reported for the treatment group were maintained throughout 15 and 35-week follow-ups. Results support the efficacy of the self-help program to reduce problem gambling severity, gambling behaviour and to improve overall functioning of gamblers over short and medium term. Findings from this study lend support to the growing body of evidence on the appropriateness of self-help treatments for problem gamblers and help clarify inconsistencies found in the literature. The low dropout rate is discussed with respect to the advantages of the self-help format and clinical and methodological implications of the results are put forth
The impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes among homeless people with mental illness : a systematic review.
Objective:
Housing First is increasingly put forward as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. The literature evaluating the impact of Housing First on criminal justice involvement has not yet been systematically examined. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes among homeless people with mental illness.
Method:
Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched up until July 2018 for randomised and nonrandomised studies of Housing First among homeless people with a serious mental disorder.
Results:
Five studies were included for a total of 7128 participants. Two studies from a randomised controlled trial found no effect of Housing First on arrests compared to treatment as usual. Other studies compared Housing First to other programs or compared configurations of HF and found reductions in criminal justice involvement among Housing First participants.
Conclusions:
This systematic review suggests that Housing First, on average, has little impact on criminal justice involvement. Community services such as Housing First are potentially an important setting to put in place strategies to reduce criminal justice involvement. However, forensic mental health approaches such as risk assessment and management strategies and interventions may need to be integrated into existing services to better address potential underlying individual criminogenic risk factors. Further outcome assessment studies would be necessary
Methodological reporting in feasibility studies : a descriptive review of the nursing intervention research literature
Background
In reaction to weaknesses in feasibility studies reporting, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement published an extension for feasibility studies in 2016.
Aim
The aim of this study was to systematically review and appraise the reporting of feasibility studies in the nursing intervention research literature based on the CONSORT statement extension for feasibility studies.
Method
Papers published prior to January 2018 that described feasibility studies of nursing interventions were retrieved. Components of feasibility studies were coded, and code frequencies were analysed.
Results
The review included 186 papers. Although most papers (nâ=â142, 76.3%) included the label âpilotâ or âfeasibilityâ in their title, reporting for other components generally did not adhere to one or several CONSORT recommendations. Most papers reported objectives (nâ=â116, 62.4%), designs (nâ=â95, 51%), or rationales for sample size (nâ=â165, 88.7%) that were incongruent with the purpose of feasibility studies.
Discussion
This review results in two main implications for nursing research. First, we noted that the reporting of feasibility studies is weak. While all papers described feasibility studies, almost half focused exclusively on testing the effectiveness of an intervention. Second, we identified rationales for sample size along with key references that could offer guidance in reporting feasibility studies while being coherent with the CONSORT recommendations
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