Endothelial Neuropilin Disruption in Mice Causes DiGeorge Syndrome-Like Malformations via Mechanisms Distinct to Those Caused by Loss of Tbx1

The spectrum of human congenital malformations known as DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is replicated in mice by mutation of Tbx1. Vegfa has been proposed as a modifier of DGS, based in part on the occurrence of comparable phenotypes in Tbx1 and Vegfa mutant mice. Many additional genes have been shown to cause DGS-like phenotypes in mice when mutated; these generally intersect in some manner with Tbx1, and therefore impact the same developmental processes in which Tbx1 itself is involved. In this study, using Tie2Cre, we show that endothelial-specific mutation of the gene encoding the VEGFA coreceptor neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) also replicates the most prominent terminal phenotypes that typify DGS. However, the developmental etiologies of these defects are fundamentally different from those caused by absence of TBX1. In Tie2Cre/Nrp1 mutants, initial pharyngeal organization is normal but subsequent pharyngeal organ growth is impaired, second heart field differentiation is normal but cardiac outflow tract cushion organization is distorted, neural crest cell migration is normal, and palatal mesenchyme proliferation is impaired with no change in apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that impairment of VEGF-dependent endothelial pathways leads to a spectrum of DiGeorge syndrome-type malformations, through processes that are distinguishable from those controlled by Tbx1

Trichotomy in Roman law,

Mode of access: Internet

Historical introduction to the private law of Rome,

Mode of access: Internet

Verses,

Printed on one side of leaf only."Fifty-four copies of Verses, by Henry Goelet McVicker have been printed in June, 1911, by Frederic & Bertha Goudy at the Village press, New York."Mode of access: Internet

A treatise on the law of bankruptcy in Scotland /

Mode of access: Internet

The chap-book.

Pforzheimer Bruce Rogers Collection: Vol. 6, no. 1 (Nov. 1896).Goudy Collection: Vol. 3, no. 12 (Nov. 1, 1895), v. 4, no. 10 (Apr. 1, 1896).Stone and Kimball Collection: Vol. 3, no. 1 (May 15, 1895), v. 3, no. 3 (June 15, 1895), v. 5, no. 9 (Sept. 15, 1896).Toner Collection: Vol. 2, no. 8 (Mar. 1, 1895).Henry James Collection: Vol. 6, no. 5-12 (Jan. 15-May 1, 1897).Title from cover."A miscellany & review of belles lettres."Mode of access: Internet.Spec. Coll. backlog copy: Part of a collection (Collection 1607). To page this item, use the collection record; to find the collection record, search the title: Gullans-Espey Collection of Designer Bookbindings. Item is in box 17. Gift of Charles Gullans and John Espey, 1986.Spec. Coll. copies (with call no.AP2.C36): Removed from the Charles Gullans Library (Collection 222).UCLA Library - CDL shared resource.Clark Library has two copies. Copy 1: Vols. 2 and 5 contain additional plates. Copy 2: Vols. 3 and 5 bound together in dark blue publisher's cloth with title in gilt on both covers and spine. Markings in pencil designating the issue number appear on the front covers of vol. 2 nos. 1-12. Pencil markings on back cover of vol.2 no.5. Various pencil markings on front cover of vol. 2 no.6. Vol. 3 bears bookplates of M.J. Bagby and Ward Ritchie. Bookseller's marks and personal notes written in pencil on front free endpaper. Scrap from bookseller's catalog laid in front cover of vol. 3, index to vol. 3 laid in between front free endpaper and title page, both removed to clippings file. Notes and scrap both refer to a previously unrecorded poem by Emily Dickinson appearing in the volume on p. 446. Some pages in vols. 2 and 3 uncut.UPDUPDATE