Subsidiarity under the Constitution for Europe

The principle of subsidiarity lies at the heart of the European Union’s strife to bring the EU closer to the citizen. Yet, it appears to be failing to do so in its present form. Therefore, the new Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe [hereafter: European Constitution] has the intention to bring it to the best possible position in this respect

A comparative approach to European Union citizenship

After a short description of the theoretical and philosophical background of the notions of citizenship and nationality, the contents of European Union citizenship will be described. This notion of European Citizenship will then be compared to the notions of citizenship and nationality in several countries. In this way, it will be possible to comprehend the scope and implications of European Union citizenship

Are pricing policies effective to change car use?

The effectiveness of transport pricing was considered in two studies regarding intended changes in car use if pricing policies were implemented. In the first study, respondents kept a travel diary for four days, noting all their car trips. Next, they indicated to what extent various pricing policies would affect the trips noted in the diary. In the second study, respondents indicated their intention to change their car use for various types of trips if pricing measures were implemented. By using tailored questionnaires, accurate feedback was provided about the financial consequences of pricing for each respondent separately.Results revealed that under pricing policies most people did not intend to change their car use. Pricing policies were relatively more effective when prices increased significantly. Especially visiting and shopping trips were affected, while commuting trips were hardly affected. Moreover, respondents were most likely to reduce their car use for short trips, which are an important source of CO2 emissions and local air pollution

De rechten van ongedocumenteerde kinderen in Curaçao: Een gezamenlijke verantwoordelijkheid

Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl