80 research outputs found
The influence of learning styles on knowledge acquisition in public sector management
This research note outlines a project designed to investigate the role of training institutions in providing effective training and development programmes for managers. The investigation is being carried out in the light of recent criticisms levelled against the nature of formal learning environments prevalent in most institutional settings. The traditional role of trainers and developers as the providers of knowledge and skills for the development of competent managers runs contrary to recent findings, which suggest that managers learn more effectively in informal settings, rather than the formal settings evident in many development programmes. The idea that explicitly extracted competencies are the target every manager should aim for to improve their effectiveness is also challenged because competencies alone are no longer regarded as a sufficient criterion for success. Recent research has attached greater importance to the need for helping managers to see knowledge as a social phenomenon, and one factor that might distinguish successful managers from others is tacit knowledge (Wagner & Sternberg, 1987; Argyris, 1999). A major focus of this study is to explore the possibility that the level and content of tacit knowledge acquired by managers may be influenced by their individual learning styles, and the degree to which their dominant styles are matched with the context of their work environment
Rare Copy Number Deletions Predict Individual Variation in Intelligence
Phenotypic variation in human intellectual functioning shows substantial heritability, as demonstrated by a long history of behavior genetic studies. Many recent molecular genetic studies have attempted to uncover specific genetic variations responsible for this heritability, but identified effects capture little variance and have proven difficult to replicate. The present study, motivated an interest in âmutation loadâ emerging from evolutionary perspectives, examined the importance of the number of rare (or infrequent) copy number variations (CNVs), and the total number of base pairs included in such deletions, for psychometric intelligence. Genetic data was collected using the Illumina 1MDuoBeadChip Array from a sample of 202 adult individuals with alcohol dependence, and a subset of these (Nâ=â77) had been administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). After removing CNV outliers, the impact of rare genetic deletions on psychometric intelligence was investigated in 74 individuals. The total length of the rare deletions significantly and negatively predicted intelligence (râ=ââ.30, pâ=â.01). As prior studies have indicated greater heritability in individuals with relatively higher parental socioeconomic status (SES), we also examined the impact of ethnicity (Anglo/White vs. Other), as a proxy measure of SES; these groups did not differ on any genetic variable. This categorical variable significantly moderated the effect of length of deletions on intelligence, with larger effects being noted in the Anglo/White group. Overall, these results suggest that rare deletions (between 5% and 1% population frequency or less) adversely affect intellectual functioning, and that pleotropic effects might partly account for the association of intelligence with health and mental health status. Significant limitations of this research, including issues of generalizability and CNV measurement, are discussed
Ăpisodes dâinactivitĂ© et revenus criminels dans une trajectoire de dĂ©linquance
LâinstabilitĂ© de lâactivitĂ© criminelle dans le temps est dĂ©jĂ bien documentĂ©e. On connaĂźt toutefois
peu les circonstances qui expliquent ces variations Ă court terme. Une meilleure connaissance de
ces facteurs est souhaitable puisquâil est possible que les transitions et les changements Ă court
terme précÚdent les points tournants des carriÚres criminelles. Les conditions qui rendent compte
dâune interruption temporaire des activitĂ©s peuvent, par exemple, contribuer Ă expliquer un
dĂ©sistement dĂ©finitif. LâĂ©tude se fonde sur les trajectoires de 172 dĂ©linquants impliquĂ©s dans des
crimes Ă but lucratif et analyse les variations mensuelles de leurs revenus criminels ainsi que les
Ă©pisodes dâinactivitĂ© criminelle Ă lâintĂ©rieur dâune pĂ©riode fenĂȘtre de 36 mois. La mĂ©thode des
calendriers dâhistoire de vie combinĂ©e aux modĂšles hiĂ©rarchiques permet dâexaminer
conjointement le rÎle de facteurs statiques (les caractéristiques individuelles des sujets) et
dynamiques (les circonstances de vie). Les rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence lâimportance des
événements qui marquent le style de vie des délinquants et des paramÚtres qui caractérisent
lâengagement criminel dans la comprĂ©hension des variations dans les trajectoires Ă lâĂ©tude. Ils
soulignent Ă©galement lâimportance de la finalitĂ© derriĂšre les activitĂ©s criminelles pour expliquer
la décision des délinquants de cesser temporaire leurs activités illicites
A Comparative Analysis of Social Learning and Social Control Theories in the Prediction of College Crime
Immoral criminals? An experimental study of social preferences among prisoners
This paper studies the pro-social preferences of criminals by comparing
the behavior of a group of prisoners in a lab experiment with the behavior
of a benchmark group recruited from the general population. We find a
striking similarity in the importance the two groups attach to pro-social
preferences in both in strategic and non-strategic situations. This result
also holds when the two groups interact. Data from a large internet experiment,
matched with official criminal records, suggest that our main finding
from the lab experiment is not in
influenced by the additional scrutiny experienced
by participants in prison
Impacts of Low Self-control and Opportunity Structure on Cyberbullying Developmental Trajectories: Using a Latent Class Growth Analysis
PEER GROUP INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR: A SELECTIVE REVIEW AND A NEW EVALUATION*
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