148 research outputs found
Using Regular Tree Grammars to enhance Sentence Realisation
International audienceFeature-based regular tree grammars (FRTG) can be used to generate the derivation trees of a feature-based tree adjoining grammar (FTAG). We make use of this fact to specify and implement both an FTAG-based sentence realiser and a benchmark generator for this realiser. We argue furthermore that the FRTG encoding enables us to improve on other proposals based on a grammar of TAG derivation trees in several ways. It preserves the compositional semantics that can be encoded in feature-based TAGs; it increases efficiency and restricts overgeneration; and it provides a uniform resource for generation, benchmark construction, and parsing
Comparing the performance of two TAG-based surface realisers using controlled grammar traversal
International audienceWe present GENSEM, a tool for generating input semantic representations for two sentence generators based on the same reversible Tree Adjoining Grammar. We then show how GENSEM can be used to produced large and controlled benchmarks and test the relative performance of these generators
Midlife Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Alcohol consumption is common in the US and may confer beneficial cardiovascular effects at light-to-moderate doses. The alcohol-stroke relationship remains debated. We estimated the relationship between mid-life, self-reported alcohol consumption and ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a biracial cohort
The Masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies
We present a family of robust tracer mass estimators to compute the enclosed
mass of galaxy haloes from samples of discrete positional and kinematical data
of tracers, such as halo stars, globular clusters and dwarf satellites. The
data may be projected positions, distances, line of sight velocities or proper
motions. Forms of the estimator tailored for the Milky Way galaxy and for M31
are given. Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantify the uncertainty as a
function of sample size. For the Milky Way, the satellite sample consists of 26
galaxies with line-of-sight velocities. We find that the mass of the Milky Way
within 300 kpc is ~ 0.9 x 10^12 solar masses assuming velocity isotropy.
However, the mass estimate is sensitive to the anisotropy and could plausibly
lie between 0.7 - 3.4 x 10^12 solar masses. Incorporating the proper motions of
6 Milky Way satellites into the dataset, we find ~ 1.4 x 10^12 solar masses.
The range here if plausible anisotropies are used is still broader, from 1.2 -
2.7 x 10^12 solar masses. For M31, there are 23 satellite galaxies with
measured line-of-sight velocities, but only M33 and IC 10 have proper motions.
We use the line of sight velocities and distances of the satellite galaxies to
estimate the mass of M31 within 300 kpc as ~ 1.4 x 10^12 solar masses assuming
isotropy. There is only a modest dependence on anisotropy, with the mass
varying between 1.3 -1.6 x 10^12 solar masses. Given the uncertainties, we
conclude that the satellite data by themselves yield no reliable insights into
which of the two galaxies is actually the more massive.Comment: 15 pages, submitted to MNRA
Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Decline–The Role of Subclinical Cerebral Infarcts: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
The mechanism underlying the association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with cognitive decline in stroke-free individuals is unclear. We examined the association of incident AF with cognitive decline in stroke-free individuals, stratified by subclinical cerebral infarcts (SCIs) on brain MRI scans
Migraine and white matter hyperintensities: The ARIC MRI study
OBJECTIVE: Migraine is associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) cross-sectionally, but its effect on WMH progression is uncertain.
METHODS: Participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study (n = 10,924) completed a standardized headache questionnaire between 1993 and 1995. A subset of participants (n = 1,028) received 2 MRIs 8 to 12 years apart: once at the time of headache ascertainment, and again from 2004 to 2006. WMH were quantified using both a visually graded score (0-9) and semiautomated volumetric analysis. Linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and other vascular risk factors were constructed.
RESULTS: Individuals who had migraine without aura were cross-sectionally associated with an 87% greater odds of having a WMH score ≥3 than individuals without headache (adjusted odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 3.37). Participants with migraine had an average of 2.65 cm(3) more WMH than those without headache (95% CI: 0.06, 5.24). However, there was no significant difference in WMH progression over the study period between individuals with and without migraine (1.58 cm(3) more progression for individuals with migraine compared to those without; 95% CI: -0.37, 3.53).
CONCLUSION: Migraine is associated with WMH volume cross-sectionally but not with WMH progression over time. This suggests that the association between migraine and WMH is stable in older age and may be primarily attributable to changes occurring earlier in life, although further work is needed to confirm these findings
Midlife Hypertension and 20-Year Cognitive Change: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study
Hypertension is a treatable potential cause of cognitive decline and dementia, but its greatest influence on cognition may occur in middle age
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