Immune Cell Recruitment and Cell-Based System for Cancer Therapy

Immune cells, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, have a central role in cancer immunotherapy. Conventional studies of cancer immunotherapy have focused mainly on the search for an efficient means to prime/activate tumor-associated antigen-specific immunity. A systematic understanding of the molecular basis of the trafficking and biodistribution of immune cells, however, is important for the development of more efficacious cancer immunotherapies. It is well established that the basis and premise of immunotherapy is the accumulation of effective immune cells in tumor tissues. Therefore, it is crucial to control the distribution of immune cells to optimize cancer immunotherapy. Recent characterization of various chemokines and chemokine receptors in the immune system has increased our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response and tolerance based on immune cell localization. Here, we review the immune cell recruitment and cell-based systems that can potentially control the systemic pharmacokinetics of immune cells and, in particular, focus on cell migrating molecules, i.e., chemokines, and their receptors, and their use in cancer immunotherapy

地震発生帯における深部掘削孔を用いた長期計測

Large earthquakes occur frequently in subduction zones. Most earthquakes are generated in the seismogenic zone, a fairly limited area confined to the shallower regions of the subduction plate boundary. To understand the processes of earthquake generation, it is essential to monitor the physical and mechanical properties of the seismogenic zone over long periods. At present, there are no deep borehole observations of the seismogenic zone more than 3km below seafloor, because it has, until now, been impossible to penetrate to such depths below the sea floor. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), scheduled to begin in 2003, plans to drill boreholes beneath the ocean floor using a multiple-drilling platform operation. The IODP riser-quipped drilling ship (Chikyu) enables the emplacement of boreholes up to 0km beneath the ocean floor, and will provide opportunities to conduct long-term deep borehole observations in the seismogenic zone. Long-term borehole observations in the seismogenic zone are expected to require the development of advanced sampling, monitoring, and recording technology. Here, we discuss the scientific objectives, engineering and technical challenges, and experimental design for a deep borehole, long-term deepborehole monitoring system aimed at understanding the processes of earthquake generation in the seismogenic zone of subduction plate boundaries. We focus specifically on the relationships between environmental conditions in the deep subsurface, details of monitoring and recording, and design and implementation of scientific tools and programs

地震発生域周辺における地下比抵抗構造の研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第6971号理博第1867号新制||理||1016(附属図書館)UT51-97-S283京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻(主査)教授 住友 則彦, 教授 荒木 徹, 助教授 大志万 直人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

R/V Yokosuka Cruise Report YK11-11

調査海域: 伊豆・小笠原海域 / Area: Izu-Bonin area ; 期間: 2011年12月9日～2011年12月19日 / Operation Period: December 9, 2011～December 19, 2011http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/yokosuka/yk11-11/

Formation process of branches of needle ice crystals grown from vapor

In-situ observations of needle ice crystals growing in air at 10^5 Pa at -7℃ and at about water saturation and above water saturation were performed to study the formation process of the branches of needle ice crystals. At about water saturation, six branches with boomerang-like facets are formed after the formation of a thin wall with basal facet along the edge of the basal plane by bunching of steps formed by two-dimensional nucleation at each corner on the basal plane. As time elapses, these branches change into sheath-like branches. Above water saturation, six branches with round tips grow along the c-axis because adhesive growth occurs at each corner on the basal plane. As the ice crystal grows further, these branches change into sheath-like branches through the same process as the branches forming at about water saturation