Tjurina and Milnor numbers of matrix singularities

To gain understanding of the deformations of determinants and Pfaffians resulting from deformations of matrices, the deformation theory of composites f ◦ F with isolated singularities is studied, where f : Y −→C is a function with (possibly non-isolated) singularity and F : X −→Y is a map into the domain of f, and F only is deformed. The corresponding T1(F) is identified as (something like) the cohomology of a derived functor, and a canonical long exact sequence is constructed from which it follows that τ = μ(f ◦ F) − β0 + β1, where τ is the length of T1(F) and βi is the length of ToriOY(OY/Jf, OX). This explains numerical coincidences observed in lists of simple matrix singularities due to Bruce, Tari, Goryunov, Zakalyukin and Haslinger. When f has Cohen–Macaulay singular locus (for example when f is the determinant function), relations between τ and the rank of the vanishing homology of the zero locus of f ◦ F are obtained

The Effect of Surfactants on Equilibrium Wetting

Contact angles B0 of aqueous solutions contacting with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces were studied as affected by various surfactants (alcohols, fatty acids, soaps) under conditions close to thermodynamic equilibrium (in the atmosphere saturated with the solution vapour). The conditions of transitions from limited wetting (Bo > 0) to complete wetting, i.e. spontaneous spreading were also studied. The effect of surfactants adsorption at the solid gas interface was estimated from the isotherms of wetting tension W = cr1g Cos B0 (cr1g is the surface tension of the solution) on the basis of equation describing W as a function of concentration. It is shown that adsorption of surfactants at the solid-gas interface markedly affects wetting of hydrophilic materials. For hydrophobic materials the effect is primarily due to adsorption of surfactants at the solid- solution and solution-gas interfaces. It was found that equilibrium wetting is affected by the type of adsorption at the solid surface (physical or chemical adsorption). The influence of hydrocarbon chain length in homological series of alcohols and fatty acids on equilibrium contact angles and on transition to spontaneous spreading was studied as well

Effects of coupling to breakup in the 6,7 Li + 64 Zn systems at near-barrier energies

Elastic scattering angular distributions for the weakly bound nucleus Li7 on Zn64 have been measured in a wide angular range at energies around the Coulomb barrier. The present experimental data and our previously measured elastic scattering data for the system Li6+Zn64 have been analyzed within the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method, where the resonant and nonresonant states of the projectile are taken into account. In this theoretical framework, we have also analyzed our previously measured excitation functions of elastic scattering at backward angles and the corresponding barrier distributions for the same systems. A good agreement between the experimental data and the calculations has been observed. The obtained results, besides confirming the importance of the coupling to the breakup channels in collisions with weakly bound nuclei, show that, in the case of Li6, the inclusion of the resonant states of the projectile produces non-negligible effects.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) FIS2013-41994-PJunta de Andalucía FQM160 P07-FQM-02894Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (España) CSD2007-0004

The mitochondrial genome of the moss Brachythecium rivulare (Hypnales, Brachytheciaceae)

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The mitochondrial genome of the pleurocarpous moss Brachythecium rivulare has been sequenced and annotated. The genome consists of 104,460 base pairs and has approximately the same gene set and organization as other bryophyte mitogenomes. Whole mitochondrial genome comparison between B. rivulare and Physcomitrella patens, Tetraphis pellucida, Anomodon rugelii, and Anomodon attenuatus was performed. The primary cause of bryophyte mitochondrial gene length variation was found to be numerous indels in the introns. Bryophyte mitochondrial gene conservation level was estimated, and it was in a good congruence with the overall phylogeny of bryophytes with the percentage of mitogenome similarity being proportional to the age estimated by phylochronologic analysis. Annotation discrepancies in the analyzed mitogenome sequences were identified. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) content was evaluated, and candidate sites of RNA editing were predicted in the B. rivulare mitochondrial genome

Гибридный движитель

The authors presented a conceptual idea of a high-speed mainline with a maximum speed of 400–450 km/h. The use of rotary engines requires more energy at high speeds, there are difficulties with current collection, wheel-rail adhesion, etc. At the same time, the use of a linear traction motor at low speeds is not justified from an economic point of view, but efficient at high speed in terms of operation. In this regard, an option of a combined or hybrid traction propulsion unit is offered, in which the positive aspects of previous models interfit.Авторами представлена концептуальная идея о высокоскоростной магистрали с максимальной скоростью движения 400–450 км/ч. Использование ротационных двигателей требует больших энергозатрат на высоких скоростях, возникают сложности с токосъёмом, сцеплением колеса с рельсом и т. д. В то же время применение линейного тягового двигателя на низких скоростях не оправдано с экономической точки зрения, но эффективно на высоких с позиции эксплуатации. В связи с этим предлагается вариант совмещенного или гибридного тягового движителя, в котором сопрягаются положительные стороны прежних моделей

Original Russian Text ©

In eukaryotes, rRNA genes form multigenic families consisting of tandemly located repeated units strongly varying in number (from several hundreds to several thousands). A repeated unit includes the genes of 18S, 5.8S, and 26S rRNAs separated by transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 and by the intergenic spacer (IGS). Depending on localization of the 5S rRNA genes, two types of ribosomal operon organization are described In the present work, we studied specific features of the IGS1 structure of the ribosomal operon from acrocarpous mosses of the Schistidium genus for which we studied earlier the ITS1 structure, as well as the phylogeny of the genus based on the ITS1-2 sequences and regions of the chloroplast genome MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three sequences of IGS1 from 12 species of Schistidium were determined. Below the species are listed, ISSN 0006-2979, Biochemistry (Moscow), 2015, Vol. 80, No. 11, pp. 1485-1491. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © I. A. Milyutina, E. A. Ignatova, M. S. Ignatov, D. V. Goryunov, A. V. Troitsky, 2015, published in Biokhimiya, 2015, Vol. 80, No. 11, pp. 1707-1714 On-Line Papers in Press, as Manuscript BM15-232, September 27, 2015. 1485 Abbreviations: bp, nucleotide base pair; IGS1, intergenic spacer 1. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] Received July 8, 2015 Structure of Intergenic Abstract-The structure of the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) of the ribosomal operon from 12 species of Schistidium mosses was studied. In the IGS1 sequences of these species, three conserved regions and two areas of GC-and A-enriched repeats were identified. All of the studied mosses have a conserved pyrimidine-enriched motif at the 5′-end of IGS1. Species-specific nucleotide substitutions and insertions were found in the conserved areas. The repeated units contain single nucleotide substitutions that make unique the majority of repeated units. The positions of such repeats in IGS1 are species-specific, but their number can vary within the species and among operons of the same specimen. The comparison of IGS1 sequences from the Schistidium species and from representatives of ten other moss genera revealed the presence of common conserved motifs with similar localization. Presumably, these motifs are elements of termination of the pre-rRNA transcription and processing of rRNA