Automated control system of extraction column

Extraction column has been analyzed as a control object; its mathematical description has been developed subject to the peculiarities of processing. On the basis of mathematical description the simulation model of column device was developed. Automated control system was synthesized by re-extract density in pulse column. Estimation of control quality supported by the system was carried ou

The fiscal gap: an estimate for Russia

The fiscal gap is an indicator of the long-term balance of public finance and is calculated based on the intertemporal government budget constraint, which links government tax revenues and expenditures over long intervals. The estimate of the fiscal gap for the Russian general government has been determined according to three scenarios with varying assumptions regarding demographic trends, productivity growth rates, oil and gas prices and the quantity of extractable reserves. The calculations show that the current fiscal policy cannot provide for the stability of public finance in the long run. The main factors of budget imbalances are the growth of pension and health care expenditures caused by demographic trends and the gradual decline in tax receipts from the oil and gas sector.http://kotlikoff.net/articleshttp://kotlikoff.net/articlesFirst author draf

Factors of global inflation in 2021–2022

The paper examines the factors of global inflation acceleration in 2021–2022. We consider primarily the developed economies, where rates of inflation over the last two years have exceeded multi-year highs and have significantly exceeded target levels. We find that the cause of accelerating inflation was an imbalance between aggregate demand, which started to increase rapidly in the second half of 2020 as economies began to adapt to the circumstances of the pandemic, and aggregate supply, which encountered persistent constraints associated with interruptions in global supply chains. Significant support for demand was provided by fiscal stimulus that was unprecedented in scale and was accompanied by policy interest rates reaching extremely low levels, and by active injections of liquidity by central banks. The willingness of governments to implement ultra-expansionary monetary and fiscal policies can to a considerable degree be attributed to the fact that during the previous decade large budget deficits, zero interest rates, and programs of quantitative easing had not resulted in macroeconomic destabilization. We examine the view of many central banks that the inflationary wave would not be long-lasting, which was a crucial reason for delaying the interest rates increase. We consider the conditions in which the leading economies might fall into the stagflation trap

Continuous spatial monopolistic competition : matching goods with consumers

Our new approach enriches the general additive monopolistic competition model (AMCM) with a space of product characteristics: consumers' “ideal varieties''. Unlike Hotelling, such partially localized competition involves intersecting zones of service among (continuously distributed) producers. Then, the uniform equilibrium firms' density increases with a growing population, as in the case of the usual AMCM. However, now increasing/decreasing prices are determined by the increasing/decreasing elasticity of elementary utility (instead of demand elasticity in AMCM). A new characteristic – the firm's range of service – decreases. Such finer matching between buyers and sellers becomes a new source of welfare gain from a thicker market, unlike the variety benefit in AMCM. The free-entry competition remains socially excessive under some natural preferences

Molecular Serum Albumin Unmask Nanobio Properties of Molecular Graphenes in Shungite Carbon Nanoparticles

Serum albumin is a popular macromolecule for studying the effect of proteins on the colloidal stability of nanoparticle (NP) dispersions, as well as the protein–nanoparticle interaction and protein corona formation. In this work, we analyze the specific conformation-dependent phase, redox, and fatty acid delivery properties of bovine albumin in the presence of shungite carbon (ShC) molecular graphenes stabilized in aqueous dispersions in the form of NPs in order to reveal the features of NP bioactivity. The formation of NP complexes with proteins (protein corona around NP) affects the transport properties of albumin for the delivery of fatty acids. Being acceptors of electrons and ligands, ShC NPs are capable of exhibiting both their own biological activity and significantly affecting conformational and phase transformations in protein systems

Millimeter-Wave Imaging System Based on Direct-Conversion Focal-Plane Array Receiver

A new approach to millimeter-wave imaging was suggested and experimentally studied. This approach can be considered as the evolution of the well-established focal-plane array (FPA) millimeter-wave imaging. The significant difference is the use of a direct-conversion array receiver, instead of the direct-detection array receiver, along with the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar technique. The sensitivity of the direct-conversion receiver is several orders higher than the sensitivity of the direct-detection one, which allows us to increase the maximum imaging range by more than one order of magnitude. The additional advantage of the direct-conversion technique is the opportunity to obtain information about the range to an object. The realization of the direct-conversion FPA imaging system was made possible due to original sensitive simple-designed receiving elements based on low-barrier Mott diodes. The suggested imaging method’s main characteristics, which include the achievable angular and range resolution and the achievable maximum imaging range, were studied. A maximum range of up to 100 m was experimentally determined. A 94 GHz 8 × 8 imaging system was developed for demonstration purposes and studied in detail. The suggested technique is assumed to be useful for creating a long-range millimeter-wave camera, in particular, for robotic systems that operate in poor environmental conditions

10 cm range small-size reference microwave oscillator on a coaxial resonator with a PLL and a low level of phase noise

The results of development and modernization of a high-stable small-size reference microwave oscillator with a PLL and a low level of phase noise for use in special purpose equipment with an operating frequency of 3.6 GHz, phase noise (with 2 kHz offset) of -112 dBc/Hz and output power from 0 to 40 mW are presented