The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

The possibility of using flue gases as a medium for straw drying

The paper presents the possibility of drying straw in dedicated and innovative straw dryers with a modified drying system. The basic problem behind the use of bales of straw as a fuel is their moisture content. The moisture content is mostly dependent on the time of harvest and the conditions of storage. The humidity level of dry straw may be as low as 10%, however harvesting the straw during unfavourable weather conditions may cause the moisture level to increase up to 60–70% of the relative humidity, a value often observed for fresh biomass. Experimental studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of drying and heat transfer in the straw bale. The studies have shown that the inner layers of the bale heat up much faster and achieve significantly higher temperatures than the outer ones. With the application of dedicated straw dryers, a homogenous field of moisture content in the straw bale is achieved in a very cost effective way

Experimental and numerical analysis of cylindrical straw drying

The paper presents experimental and numerical results of the heat and mass transfer in a cylindrical bale of straw. The experimental measurements were made in a specialized stand of straw driers. Flue gasses, comes from straw combustion in the biomass boiler, are used as a drying medium. There were made measurements of humidity and temperature inside the cylindrical straw bale during the drying process. The results were used to prepare the drying rate curve. Moreover, data were used to validate the numerical model of straw drying. The numerical model was performed to depict the heat and mass transfer inside the straw bale. Furthermore, the model was used to optimize the drying process. The paper presents result of experimental and numerical drying rates of cylindrical straw bale and heat and mass transfer in its interior. As a result of the work numerical model was obtained. It satisfactorily describes the mechanisms inside the drying straw bale

Experimental tests of the prototypical micro-cogeneration system with a 100 kW biomass-fired boiler

Renewable energy based micro cogeneration systems are an interesting option for domestic, agricultural and commercial sectors. In this paper, a dedicated system with a 100 kWth biomass-fired boiler was proposed. Developed system works according to modified Rankine Cycle operation. Steam generated in two shell and tube heat exchangers is used to power steam engine (connected with power generator) and then flows via condenser to degasifier. During the presented tests, the selected parameters of the boiler, oil circuit and steam/condensate circuit were analyzed. As was shown, the maximum thermal power taken from the oil circuit to evaporate condensate and superheat steam was ~105 kWth (it was ~91% of thermal power generated in the boiler). The value steam pressure varied from 2 to 5 bars during operation of the steam engine. Steam mass flow was then equal to ~105 kg/h, what allowed to generate electric power at a level of ~1.05 kWel. Such a low value resulted e.g. from limitations in the oil temperature, limitations in the steam temperature, steam pressure and steam flow, limitations caused by power generator’s construction, as well as other construction and operating parameters

Processes of heat and mass transfer in straw bales using flue gasses as a drying medium

Moisture content is a main problem of using straw in form of bales for energy production. The paper presents possibility of straw drying in dedicated, innovative and patented in Poland straw dryers which using flue gasses as a drying medium. Paper presents an improved way of drying which proved to be very sufficient. Temperature and humidity of straw during the process of drying were measured. The measurements helped understand and perform numerical model of heat and mass transfer inside the straw bale. By using CFD codes it was possible to perform analysis of phenomenon occurring inside the dried straw bale. Based on the CFD model, proposals of the optimization and improvement process of drying have been discussed. Experimental and computational data have been compared in terms of convergence. A satisfying degree of agreement has been achieved. Applying improved drying method, homogenous field of moisture content and temperature in the straw bale is achieved in a very cost effective way

Biomass-powered micro cogeneration system based on the modified Rankine Cycle operation - the initial tests

This paper shows results of initial tests of prototypical microcogeneration system based on the modified Rankine cycle operation. This system is powered by a 100 kW straw-fired batch boiler which was adapted to operate as a high temperature heat source. Thermal oil, heated up to 190-200°C, transfers heat to two shell and tube heat exchangers (evaporator and superheater). Steam powers a 2-cylinder, double-acting, 20-horsepower steam engine. Then, it is condensed in a condenser (another shell and tube heat exchanger) and pumped to the degasser. Finally, condensate is pumped to the evaporator and the whole process starts again. The steam engine is connected with a power generator. The operation of the developed micro-cogeneration system is controlled by the control and measurement system based on WAGO PFC200 PLC controller. The following parameters are recording: temperature, pressure and medium flow (in the boiler, oil, steam and water circuits). The results of the initial tests are promising. Power generated in the system is actually about 1,0 kWel. Such power is sufficient for supplying a part of the system’s equipment. On the other hand, it is finally expected to ensure selfsufficient operation of the tested system

The analysis of the hydropower potential in Podkarpackie Voivodship

The paper presents an analysis of the use and potential of hydropower in Podkarpackie (Subcarpathian) Voivodship. The current usage of hydropower in the Region is presented, divided for range of generated power, geographical location and given rivers. Existing and planned artificial water reservoirs are taken into consideration in frame of hydropower development in the Region. Selected case studies related to varied hydropower plants are discussed. Problems connected with development of the hydropower were identified and considered. For each county in the Region theoretical available power possible to install in the main rivers was indicated, taking into account environmental aspects, technical problems with connection to the electrical grid and overall possibility of the facility installation. For each county communities with the best favorable situation are indicated. It is discussed the analysis of the evaluation of the use of hydropower in Podkarpackie Voivodship and provided information on planned and considered investments in hydropower plants. In addition, an analysis of the energy potential of the main rivers of the Podkarpackie Region have been procced to indicating the most favorable areas for location of hydropower plants. Moreover, given the environmental conditions, an analysis of the power estimation of the hydropower plants were made

The analysis of the hydropower potential in Podkarpackie Voivodship

The paper presents an analysis of the use and potential of hydropower in Podkarpackie (Subcarpathian) Voivodship. The current usage of hydropower in the Region is presented, divided for range of generated power, geographical location and given rivers. Existing and planned artificial water reservoirs are taken into consideration in frame of hydropower development in the Region. Selected case studies related to varied hydropower plants are discussed. Problems connected with development of the hydropower were identified and considered. For each county in the Region theoretical available power possible to install in the main rivers was indicated, taking into account environmental aspects, technical problems with connection to the electrical grid and overall possibility of the facility installation. For each county communities with the best favorable situation are indicated. It is discussed the analysis of the evaluation of the use of hydropower in Podkarpackie Voivodship and provided information on planned and considered investments in hydropower plants. In addition, an analysis of the energy potential of the main rivers of the Podkarpackie Region have been procced to indicating the most favorable areas for location of hydropower plants. Moreover, given the environmental conditions, an analysis of the power estimation of the hydropower plants were made

Experimental tests of the prototypical micro-cogeneration system with a 100 kW biomass-fired boiler

Renewable energy based micro cogeneration systems are an interesting option for domestic, agricultural and commercial sectors. In this paper, a dedicated system with a 100 kWth biomass-fired boiler was proposed. Developed system works according to modified Rankine Cycle operation. Steam generated in two shell and tube heat exchangers is used to power steam engine (connected with power generator) and then flows via condenser to degasifier. During the presented tests, the selected parameters of the boiler, oil circuit and steam/condensate circuit were analyzed. As was shown, the maximum thermal power taken from the oil circuit to evaporate condensate and superheat steam was ~105 kWth (it was ~91% of thermal power generated in the boiler). The value steam pressure varied from 2 to 5 bars during operation of the steam engine. Steam mass flow was then equal to ~105 kg/h, what allowed to generate electric power at a level of ~1.05 kWel. Such a low value resulted e.g. from limitations in the oil temperature, limitations in the steam temperature, steam pressure and steam flow, limitations caused by power generator’s construction, as well as other construction and operating parameters

Processes of heat and mass transfer in straw bales using flue gasses as a drying medium

Moisture content is a main problem of using straw in form of bales for energy production. The paper presents possibility of straw drying in dedicated, innovative and patented in Poland straw dryers which using flue gasses as a drying medium. Paper presents an improved way of drying which proved to be very sufficient. Temperature and humidity of straw during the process of drying were measured. The measurements helped understand and perform numerical model of heat and mass transfer inside the straw bale. By using CFD codes it was possible to perform analysis of phenomenon occurring inside the dried straw bale. Based on the CFD model, proposals of the optimization and improvement process of drying have been discussed. Experimental and computational data have been compared in terms of convergence. A satisfying degree of agreement has been achieved. Applying improved drying method, homogenous field of moisture content and temperature in the straw bale is achieved in a very cost effective way