Историк, архивист, библиограф: П.А. Зайончковский и Российская государственная библиотека

At present, when the majority of users in search for information excessively turn to the Internet as a primary data source, the problem of reliability of the obtained data is particularly acute. Libraries, whose main function is to store and provide access to information existing both in print and electronic forms, traditionally tend to maintain the exceptional level of completeness and validity of the data and sources provided. One of the ways to achieve such reliability is interaction of libraries with scientists in the field of data systematization, verification, storage and access providing. The article analyses the scientific work of the outstanding Russian historian P.A. Zaionchkovskij in the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (now — the Russian State Library, RSL) and considers his scientific cooperaction with the Library for several decades as a successful example of library-scientists’ partnership. In 1944—1952, he served as the Head of the Department of manuscripts of the V.I. Lenin State Library. Under his supervision, the accounting of the Department’s stock was reorganized, preservation of the existing and newly acquired collections was ensured; the user access of researches to the information on the collections’ content and composition was significantly improved; the unique team of scientific personnel was formed. The article gives thorough overview of the scientific and publication activity of the Department during that period. The authors also review the contribution of P.A. Zaionchkovskij to the development of the problem of bibliographic providing for historical science. In the 1960s — 1980s, under his scientific supervision, the bibliographic staff of the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR and other major Russian libraries prepared the unique publications — “Reference Books on the History of Pre-revolutionary Russia” and multivolume annotated Index “The History of Pre-revolutionary Russia in Diaries and Memoirs”. P.A. Zaionchkovskij laid the foundation for the lasting many years and still developing project on creation of retrospective scientific auxiliary indices of memoir literature. The partnership of P.A. Zaionchkovskij and the V.I. Lenin State Library is an excellent example of the successful and fruitful interaction of scientists and library staff.В настоящее время, когда пользователи в поисках информации обращаются чаще всего к Интернету, проблема достоверности полученных данных стоит особенно остро. Библиотеки, ведущая функция которых — хранение и обеспечение доступа к информации, существующей как в печатной, так и электронной форме, традиционно заботятся о полноте и достоверности предоставляемых сведений и источников. Одним из способов достижения этого является взаимодействие библиотек с учеными в области систематизации, верификации, сохранения и обеспечения доступа к информации.В статье проанализирована работа выдающегося российского историка П.А. Зайончковского в Государственной библиотеке СССР им. В.И. Ленина (ГБЛ, ныне — Российская государственная библиотека, РГБ), в деятельности которой ученый принимал активное участие в течение нескольких десятилетий. В 1944—1952 гг. он занимал должность заведующего отделом рукописей ГБЛ. Под его руководством был организован учет и обеспечена сохранность имеющихся и вновь поступающих фондов; усовершенствован доступ исследователей к информации об их составе и содержании; сформирован уникальный коллектив сотрудников. В статье подробно описывается научно-публикационная активность отдела в этот период. Проанализирован вклад П.А. Зайончковского в разработку проблемы библиографического обеспечения исторической науки. В 1960—1980-х гг. под его научным руководством сотрудниками ГБЛ и других крупнейших библиотек были подготовлены уникальные издания — «Справочники по истории дореволюционной России» и многотомный аннотированный указатель «История дореволюционной России в дневниках и воспоминаниях». П.А. Зайончковский заложил основы многолетнего и по сей день развивающегося проекта по созданию ретроспективных научно-вспомогательных указателей мемуарной литературы. Деятельность П.А. Зайончковского в ГБЛ — это замечательный пример успешного и плодотворного взаимодействия ученого и библиотечных работников

Библиографирование «личной» истории: аннотированные библиографические указатели мемуарной литературы

The authors determine the specific features of the memoir literature as the historical source; there is given the brief overview of the development stages of the domestic memoir history. Scientific value and practical importance of creating the annotated bibliographic indices of the memoir literature is substantiated. The fundamental system of Russian annotated bibliographic indices of memoir literature (“The History of Soviet Society in Contemporaries’ Memoirs: 1917—1957”, “The History of Pre-revolutionary Russia in Diaries and Memoirs”, “Russia and Russian Emigration in Memoirs and Diaries”, “Soviet Society in Memoirs and Diaries”) is characterized. The analysis of authors, professional experience in creating the annotated bibliographic index of memoir literature “The History of Russia and USSR in Memoirs and Diaries” is given. The authors formulate the main principles, used in the process of memoir selection. The principles, such as the form of publication, the “purity of genre”, the authenticity, scientific credibility, the artistic and historical value, are discussed.Определяются особенности мемуарной литературы как исторического источника, дается краткий обзор развития отечественной мемуаристики. Обосновывается научное значение и практическая необходимость создания аннотированных библиографических указателей мемуарной литературы. Характеризуются фундаментальные указатели по заявленной тематике: «История советского общества в воспоминаниях современников: 1917—1957», «История дореволюционной России в дневниках и воспоминаниях», «Россия и российская эмиграция в воспоминаниях и дневниках», «Советское общество в воспоминаниях и дневниках». Анализируется практический опыт авторов в создании библиографического указателя «История России и СССР в воспоминаниях и дневниках». Формулируются принципы отбора источников для включения в указатели: форма публикации, чистота жанра, подлинность, достоверность, художественная и историческая ценность источника

Fatty acids composition of Bacillus subtilis ONU551 lipids

The aim of the study was to determine the cellular lipids fatty acid composition for identification of the Bacillus subtilis ONU551 strain bacteria, which is a phenol destructor. Fatty acids analysis of B. subtilis ONU551 strain was performed using an automatic system for microorganisms’ identification MIDI Sherlock (MIDI, USA) based on gas chromatograph Agilent 7890. Chromatograms analysis showed that the fatty acid spectrum of the strain B. subtilis ONU551 consisted predominately of branched structural isomers of saturated acids: 13-methyltetradecanoic (15:0 iso; 34.72%) and 12-methyltetradecanoic (15:0 anteiso; 33.72%) acids. The total content of the branched saturated fatty acids was 88.16% – 14:0 iso (0.52%), 15:0 iso (34.72%), 15:0 anteiso (33.72%), 16:0 iso (1.85%), 17:0 iso (7.11%), 17:0 anteiso (10.24%). The saturated fatty acids of the normal structure were also detected – 12:0 (0.36%), 14:0 (0.28%), 16:0 (1.30%). No 2- and 3-hydroxy acids and no cyclic fatty acids were detected in the fatty acid profile of B. subtilis ONU551 strain. Unsaturated fatty acid isomers – 15:1 w5c (1.85%), 16:1 w11c (1.21%), 16:1 w7c alcohol (1.08%), 17:1 iso w10c (3.18%), ∑17:1 iso I/anteiso B (2.57%) were shown to be the distinctive biomarkers of the B. subtilis ONU551 strain. According to the fatty acid profile analysis with MIDI Sherlock system, the studied strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis with high level of similarity index (0.563)

Characteristics of marine strain Streptomyces sp. with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity

The Black Sea is a unique water basin consisting of a thin superficial oxygenic layer with moderate salinity, and a deep anoxic water mass. The microbiota of the Black Sea remains relatively understudied, which makes it interesting first of all from the most practical point of view of the search for producers of new biologically active compounds. A strain of actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. ONU 561 was isolated from the surface of mussel shells collected in the coastal zone of Odesa. It demonstrated a wide range of antagonistic activity, inhibiting the growth of a set of opportunistic pathogens, including representatives of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, bacteria of this strain were able to inhibit the growth of all tested strains of mycelial fungi, including representatives of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Fusarium oxysporum species, and Candida albicans yeast. A significant cytotoxic effect was revealed in the cell cultures of human malignant cells – human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and human laryngeal adenocarcinoma (Hep-2). Analysis of the exometabolome of the strain did not explain these effects.The strain was comprehensively characterized, including physiological, biochemical, and morphological traits. The complete genome of the strain was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 (2x150) and ONT and annotated using NCBI PGAP. Its genome has a size of 8 359 197 bp. GC content – 71.59%. Using antiSMASH 7.0, 35 biosynthetic clusters were revealed. The indices of digital DNA-DNA hybridization and orthoANI for all of the type strains with Streptomyces sp. ONU 561 are much lower than threshold values for the species separation. The obtained results, including a comparative analysis of the genome, indicate the possible affiliation of the strain Streptomyces sp. ONU 561 to a new species and the potential ability of these actinobacteria to synthesize previously unknown antibiotic compounds

Cellular fatty acid composition of Aeromonas genus – destructor of aromatic xenobiotics

The aim of this study was a determination of the fatty acid composition of cellular lipids and identification of the strains, isolated from the wastewater of pharmaceutical production, – the destructor of aromatic xenobiotics. The phenotypic characteristics and cellular fatty acid (FA) composition confirmed the strain belonging to the Aeromonas ichthiosmia with the similarity index of library data MIDI Sherlock – 0.564. Analysis of the cellular FA composition of the strain Aeromonas ichthiosmia ONU552 was carried out using the MIDI Sherlock microorganism identification system based on the gas chromatograph Agilent 7890. Chromatographic analysis showed that the fatty acid profile of the strain Aeromonas ichthiosmia ONU552 contains 26 fatty acids with the total number of carbon atoms from 10 to 18. 85.27% of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids had unbranched structure. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids – 16:1 w7c/16:1 w6c, 18:1 w7c, 16:1 w7c alcohol, 17:1 w8c, 17:1 w6c, 16:1 w5c, was 50% of the total fatty acid pool. Less than 1.5% branched fatty acids were predominantly in the iso form: 13:0 iso (0.20%); 15:0 iso (0.97%); 17:1 iso w9c (1.35%), 17:0 iso (1.49%); in the anteiso form, only one acid 17:0 (0.27%) was identified. It was shown that the characteris­tic of the fatty acid composition of the strain Aeromonas ichthiosmia ONU552 – the destructor of aromatic xenobio­tics, was the presence of hydroxyacids 12:0 3OH, 15:0 3OH, 15:0 iso 3OH and dominance of hexadecanoic (16:0) and hexadecenoic (16:1 w7c/16:1 w6c) of fatty acids

Intracellular S1P Generation Is Essential for S1P-Induced Motility of Human Lung Endothelial Cells: Role of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and S1P Lyase

Earlier we have shown that extracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) induces migration of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) through the activation of S1P(1) receptor, PKCε, and PLD2-PKCζ-Rac1 signaling cascade. As endothelial cells generate intracellular S1P, here we have investigated the role of sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and S1P lyase (S1PL), that regulate intracellular S1P accumulation, in HPAEC motility

ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ БЕЛКОВОГО ОБМЕНА У КОРОВ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕПРАТА ВЕТОМ 1 НА ОСНОВЕ АПАТОГЕНЫХ БАЦИЛЛ

The researchers investigated the effect of new probiotic Vetom 1 based on apathogenic bacilli on the biochemical parameters of blood serum, exactly protein, albumins and urea in lactating cows. The experiment was carried out at OOO “Uchkhoz Tulinskoe”. According to the principle of pair-analogues, the researchers arranged a control group and two experimental groups of cows; each group contained 7 cows. The cows of the 1st experimental group were fed with probiotic Vetom 1 dosed 50 mg/kg once a day in the morning before milking; They received Vetom 1 every day during 5 days, then in a day during a month. The cows from the 2nd experimental group received probiotic Vetom 1 dosed 50 mg/kg once a day in the morning before milking, every day during 30 days. The application of the specimen contributed to a decrease in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum within the physiological norm. The aftereffect caused by Vetom 1 when the specimen was applied 5 days every day, then in a day during a month, the authors observed an increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum above the physiological standard on the 180 day of application. The similar effect was not observed when Vetom 1 was applied daily. When using Vetom 1, the authors observed a slight increase in the concentration of albumins in the blood serum, both during the period of application and up to 180 days. The specimen contributes to less prominent increase in the concentration of urea in the blood serum in comparison with the control group. Changes in concentrations of albumins and urea occurred within the physiological norm.Изучалось действие нового пробиотического препарата Ветом 1 на основе апатогенных бацилл на биохимические показатели сыворотки крови, а именно белка, альбуминов и мочевины, у лактирующих коров. Опыт проводили в ООО «Учхоз Тулинское». По принципу пар-аналогов были сформированы одна контрольная и две опытные группы коров, в каждой по 7 животных. Коровам 1-й опытной группы задавали пробиотический препарат Ветом 1 в дозе 50 мг/кг раз в сутки, утром перед дойкой, 5 суток ежедневно, затем через сутки в течение месяца. Коровам 2-й опытной группы применяли пробиотический препарат Ветом 1 в дозе 50 мг/кг раз в сутки, утром перед дойкой, ежедневно в течение месяца. При применении изучаемого препарата происходило понижение концентрации общего белка в сыворотке крови в пределах физиологической нормы. В период последействия при применении Ветома 1 после 5 суток ежедневно, затем через сутки в течение месяца на 180-е сутки после начала применения препарата регистрировали повышение концентрации общего белка в сыворотке крови выше физиологической нормы. При применении Ветома 1 ежедневно аналогичный эффект не наблюдали. Отмечали лишь незначительное повышение концентрации альбуминов в сыворотке крови как в период применения, так и до 180-х суток после начала применения препарата. При применении изучаемого препарата происходит менее выраженное повышение концентрации мочевины в сыворотке крови относительно аналогов из контрольной группы. Изменение концентраций альбуминов и мочевины происходило в пределах физиологической нормы

Pectobacterium atrosepticum exopolysaccharides: Identification, molecular structure, formation under stress and in planta conditions

© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. In the present study, we identified exopolysaccharides of the harmful phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043 and characterized the molecular structure of these polymers. The synthesis of the target polysaccharides was shown to be induced under starvation conditions. Moreover, intensive accumulation of exopolysaccharides occurred during the colonization by bacteria of the xylem vessels of infected plants, where microorganisms formed specific 3D "multicellular" structures-bacterial emboli. Thus, the identified polymers are likely to be involved in the adaptation and virulence of bacteria of Pectobacterium genus