Fighting against climate change and for fair trade : finding the EU’s interest in the solar panels dispute with China

The dispute between the EU and China regarding the trade in solar panels has been commonly explained in terms of power politics, whereby a mercantile China exploited European internal divisions to its advantage. But the trade defence case was also criticized for running against European climate policy goals. To which extent does this case illustrate a normative conflict between trade and the environment? The article replaces the dispute in the context of the trade defence procedures, according to which the EU had to decide, first, whether China’s subsidization of its PV industry was illegal, and second, whether Europe’s climate policies warranted against imposing trade defence duties. It finds that, in this case, the familiar competition between divergent European industrial interests was made worse by an important normative cleavage amongst European decision-makers, regarding the appropriate way to achieve global climate change policy goals. Simply applying the law did not settle the dispute. Instead, it plastered a political compromise emerged from a shift in the political narrative of the dispute, from emphasizing competition to emphasizing interdependence, pushing the Commission into a political compromise with China

THE PECULIARITIES OF THE SEASONAL AND MONTHLY FLOW REGIME OF THE RIVERS IN THE UPPER RIVER BASIN OF MUREŞ

The peculiarities of the seasonal and monthly flow regime of the rivers in the upper river basin of Mureş. The study is based upon the processing and the interpretation of data from eight gauging stations. In order to emphasize the peculiarities of the flow regime year-round there has been taken into account the common period, namely 1986-2010. The features of the geographic cover characterizing the central eastern part of Eastern Carpathians, especially those regarding the slopes and the climatic elements are reflected accurately in the river water flow regime. Thus, the dominant flow of all rivers occurs during the spring season and the lowest share of the total annual average season is winter. The month with the richest flow is April, and the low flow occurs during the months of January and February. The seasonal and monthly flow variation in multi profile was highlighted by the coefficients of variation

THE STUDY OF THE GREATEST FLASH-FLOOD ON THE BELCINA RIVER IN A PERIOD OF 25 YEARS

The article aims to analyze the greatest flash-flood recorded within a period of 25 years namely the period of 1986-2010, on the Belcina river, an affluent of the Mureș river in the Gheorgheni Depression. The article begins by analyzing the particularities of the Belcina river basin, and it continues by emphasizing the methodology applied in this case. After that the study focuses on the conditional factors of the flash-flood phenomena on the Belcina river on a general basis followed by a study of the flash-flood event frequency on the Belcina river, and finally a study of the greatest flash-flood parameters. In studying the particularities of the greatest flash flood in 25 years (1986-2010) on the Belcina river, one has applied the following methodology: a study of the particularities of the conditional factors that influence the genesis and propagation of flash-floods on the Belcina river on a normal basis, a study of flash-flood frequency on the Belcina river, a comparative analysis of the first two greatest flash-floods occurring on the Belcina river each year within the period taken into consideration and finally the case study of the event itself

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS UPON THE FLASH-FLOODS OCCURING IN THE SUPERIOR BASIN OF THE RIVER MUREŞ

The Influence of climatic factors upon the flash-floods occuring in the superior basin of the river Mureş . The floods triggering factors in the upper river basin of the Mures are likely climatic in which case the analysis is based upon a string of data representative for the period 1986-2010, for eight stations and making reference to average rainfall,maximum rainfall within 24 hours, the thickness and duration of snow.The floods in the upper basin of the Mureş do not cause major damage, except in exceptional cases. Most localities that have reported damage caused by floods are located near the Topliţa-Deda gorge, an area that influences flow concentration through a relatively narrow territory compared to the upstream territory where the Mureş river gathers its tributaries

Biosensor-based spatial and developmental mapping of maize leaf glutamine at vein-level resolution in response to different nitrogen rates and uptake/assimilation durations

Replicate versus treatment variability of the GlnLux in situ imaging protocol. Three replicates of raw GlnLux agar plate images (Fig. 3) were analysed for each N treatment (+/-) and leaf (1-3) combination (6 plates total per leaf). A 1 x 10-2 M Gln agar disk was also included on each plate for standardization. The ratios of luminescence produced by each standard disk against the GlnLux agar background were pooled to generate SEM and an estimate of plate-to-plate variability. The luminescence output of all three replicates for each N treatment was pooled to generate SEM, and an estimate of the comparative variability due to N uptake/assimilation. Values represent the SEM of 6 plates each. Significant difference at P<0.05 between the variance of the standardization ratio and leaf luminescence is indicated with an asterisk, as determined with F tests. Quantification of luminescence was performed using WinView software (version 2.5.16.5, Princeton Instruments, Trenton, USA). (DOCX 43 kb

Assuring safety in an air traffic control system with defeasible logic programming

Assuring safety in complex technical systems is a crucial issue in several critical applications like air traffic control or medical devices. We present a preliminary framework based on argumentation for assisting flight controllers to reach a decision related to safety constraints in an ever changing environment in which sensor data is gathered at real time.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Assuring safety in an air traffic control system with defeasible logic programming

Assuring safety in complex technical systems is a crucial issue in several critical applications like air traffic control or medical devices. We present a preliminary framework based on argumentation for assisting flight controllers to reach a decision related to safety constraints in an ever changing environment in which sensor data is gathered at real time.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO