THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH NETWORKS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The present paper intends to present “a short history” of a young research network established a few years ago. The network has already a European cover and impact. Its activity was very intense and the results over expectations. Moreover, the cohesion among members makes possible the development of the activity for the future. By this article we want to give an example of a “good practice” in this field. Could be an example for other networks, institutes, research centres and researcher of how an idea can become reality.Europe, Networks, Rural Development, Experience, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Uloga ekološkog savetodavstva u razvoju organske proizvodnje u Srbiji

Modern business conditionsrequire establishing a network between economic, social and ecological criteria of resources allocation. Using the ecologicalconsulting, which respects a situational approach in the paper, can make a balance between economic efficiency, socially responsible business and organic production standards.Approaching to the EU market imposes stricter business conditions, which reflect in tougher competition and numerous regulations in the field of the environment protection, protection of producers and consumers, etc.Consequentially, this paper had an ambition to point out to the significance of ecological consulting in the organic production affirmation in Serbia.Savremeni uslovi poslovanja zahtevaju uspostavljanje veze između ekonomskih, socijalnihi ekoloških kriterijuma alokacije resursa. Pomoću ekološkog savetodavstva koje uvažava situacioni pristup u radu može se postići balans između ekonomske efikasnosti, društveno odgovornog poslovanja i standarda organske proizvodnje. Pristupanje tržištu EU nameće strožije uslove poslovanja koji se ogledaju u oštrijoj konkurenciji i brojnim propisima iz oblasti zaštite životne okoline, zaštite proizvođača i potrošača i sl. Posledično, ovaj rad je imao ambiciju da ukaže na značaj ekološkog savetodavstva u afirmaciji organske proizvodnje u Srbiji

Prinos zrna različitih sorti pšenice u organskoj proizvodnji u zavisnosti od rizosferne mikroflore

The aim of this paper is testing the productivity of various wheat varieties depending on the rhizosphere microflora in terms of organic cultivation technology. The highest yield in the first year was recorded in cv spelt, and in the second year at ordinary soft wheat varieties for which it was established and greater variation in yield compared to alternative types of wheat varieties. The lowest yield was detected among varieties of durum wheat, Dolap, in which it recorded the lowest number of investigated microbial groups. By testing the significance of regression model was found a statistically significant change in the yield of wheat depending on the number of Azotobacter (r = 0.76), but not the total number of microorganisms (r=0,24).Cilj rada je ispitivanje produktivnosti različitih sorti pšenice u zavisnosti od rizosferne mikroflore u uslovima organske tehnologije gajenja. Najveći prinos zrna u prvoj godini zabeležen je kod sorte krupnika, a u drugoj godini kod sorte obične meke pšenice kod koje je ustanovljeno i veće variranje prinosa u poređenju sa ispitivanim sortama alternativnih vrsta pšenice. Najmanji prinos zrna ustanovljen je kod sorte tvrde pšenice, Dolap, kod koje je zabeležen najmanji broj ispitivanih grupa mikroorganizama. Testiranjem značajnosti regresionog modela ustanovljeno je postojanje statistički značajne promene prinosa pšenice u zavisnosti od brojnosti Azotobakter-a (r=0,76), ali ne i od ukupnog broja mikroorganizama (r=0,24)

Primena mulitipnih inokulata u održivoj proizvodnji pšenice

The experiments were carried out three alternative varieties of wheat Tr. aestivum ssp. compactumima, Triticum spelt and Triticum durum three years of research with the application of organic fertilizers and microbial inoculum in order to maintain the biological value of the land. In the study determined the most important microbiological parameters changes in soil (total number of microbes and Azotobacter) and grain yield. At the end, it was concluded that wheat variety Tr.aestivum ssp. compactum has the best association with the rhizosphere population, and that the variety Triticum spelta has the highest grain yields under different agroecological conditions.U istraživanjima su korišćene tri alternativne sorte pšenice Tr. aestivum ssp. compactumima, Triticum spelta, i Triticum durum u tri godine istraživanja sa primenom organskog đubriva i mikrobiološkog inokulata u cilju održavanja biogenosti zemljišta. U toku istraživanja određivani su najznačajniji mikrobiološki parametri promena u zemljištu (ukupan broj mikroba i brojnost azotobaktera), kao i visina prinosa gajenih biljaka. Na kraju rada zaključeno je da sorta Tr.aestivum ssp. compactumima ima najbolju asocijaciju sa rizosfernom populacijom, a da sorta Triticum spelta ostvaruje najveće prinose u različitim agroekološkim uslovima

Uticaj zaoravanja žetvenih ostataka na povećanje prinosa soje

Soybean yield depends on soybean variety, fertility of soil, agro-technical measures, as well as from weather conditions in certain years. Ploughing crop residues increases the content of organic matter in the soil, which has a positive effect on the fertility of the soil. Ploughing corn residue previous crop lead to an increase in yield of soybean on average by 10.43%, that is, by some years the yield increase was from 7.039% to 15.94%. Ploughing harvest residues previous crop of maize has a positive effect on the increase in yield of soybeans and must be considered as compulsory agro technical measure in soybean cultivation.Prinos soje zavisi od sorte, plodnosti zemljišta, agrotehničkih mera, kao i od vremenskih uslova u pojedinim godinama. Zaoravanjem žetvenih ostataka preduseva povećava se sadržaj organske materije u zemljištu, što ima pozitivan uticaj na plodnost zemljišta. Zaoravanje žetvenih ostataka preduseva kukuruza dovelo je do povećanja prinosa soje u proseku za 10,43%, odnosno po pojedinim godinama povećanje prinosa je bilo od 7,039% do 15,94%. Zaoravanje žetvenih ostataka preduseva kukuruza ima pozitivan efekat na povećanje prinosa soje i mora se posmatrati kao obavezna agrotehnička meru u gajenju soje

Komponente prinosa pasulja u zavisnosti od primene Guanita i mikrobioloških đubriva

The research was done in Bačka Topola on calcareous chernozem in the year 2016 by the principals of organic bean breeding technology. The experiment had a split-plot arrangement, with large plots as varieties, and subplots as various fertilizer treatments. Pelleted organic fertilizer and microbiological fertilizers did not contribute to a statistically significant increase of yield components and yield. There were differences between the applied varieties. The variety Zlatko gave better results by means of examined characteristics. The variety Zlatko has shown it self as better for organic production in comparison with the autochthonous variety which was chosen for examination.Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Bačkoj Topoli na karbonatnom černozemu u 2016. godini po principima organske tehnologije gajenja pasulja. Ogled je bio postavljen po modelu podeljenih parcela gde su velike parcele bile sorte, a potparcele – tretman različitim đubrivima. Peletirano organsko đubrivo i mikrobiološka đubriva nisu doprinela statistički značajnom povećanju komponenti prinosa i prinosa. Razlike između upotrebljenih sorti su postojale. Kod svih ispitivanih svojstava sorta Zlatko je dala bolje rezultate. Za organsku proizvodnju pokazala se boljom sorta Zlatko u odnosu na autohtonu sortu koja je izabrana za istraživanje

Uticaj različitih varijanti đubrenja na kvantitet i kvalitet zrna pšenice

The research examined the effect of different ways of fertilization on the 1000 grain yield and protein content of wheat. For research was used wheat variety Pobeda. The experiment was set in two variants with and without diazotrophs. For both variants was performed before seeding fertilization and tilled complex NPK fertilizer in four levels with a ratio of nutrients 8:24:16 and variant Đ2 250 kg ha-1, Đ3-375 kg ha-1 and Đ4 500 kg ha-1. During supplemental feeding wheat entered the urea in an amount of Đ2-108 kg ha-1 Đ3-196 kg ha-1 Đ4-260 kg ha-1. Inoculation of seeds with a mixture of different types of diazotrophs (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluorosciencs, Bacillus subtilis) was conducted before seeding. The same a mixture of diazotrophe was conducted with foliar treatment in the phase of tillering in an amount of tillering 5 l ha-1. At the end of the vegetation it has been established that the studied traits were increased in the variant with the application diazotrophs in all variants of fertilization. 1000 grain weight was increased by 5,54%. The highest 1000 grain weight was the variants Đ2 39,5 g. The height yield with inoculation was increased by 7.78%. There is a correlative relationship between nitrogen dose and the yield. The regression line shows the trend of rising yields, which was not in high correlation with large amounts of mineral nitrogen. The protein content was increased by 7.38%.U istraživanjima je ispitivan uticaj različitih načina đubrenja na masu 1000 zrna, visinu prinosa pšenice i sadržaj proteina. Za istraživanja se koristila pšenica sorte Pobeda. Ogled je postavljen u dve varijante sa i bez primene diazotrofa. Za obe varijante ogleda obavljeno je predsetveno đubrenje i zaorano kompleksno NPK mineralno đubrivo u četiri nivoa sa odnosom hraniva 8:24:16 i to za varijantu Đ2 250 kg ha-1, Đ3-375 kg ha-1 i Đ4 500 kg ha-1. Prilikom prihrane pšenice uneta je urea u količini Đ2-108 kg ha-1 Đ3-196 kg ha-1 Đ4-260 kg ha-1. Pred setvu je obavljena inokulacija semena sa smešom različitih vrsta diazotrofa Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluorosciencs, Bacillus subtilis. Istom smešom diazotrofa je obavljen folijarni tretman u fazi vlatanja u količini od 5 l ha-1. Na kraju vegetacije utvrđeno je da su ispitivane osobine bile povećane u varijanti sa primenom diazotrofa u svim varijantama đubrenja. Masa 1000 zrna bila povećana za 5,54%. Najveća masa 1000 zrna bila pri đubrenju Đ2 39,5 g. Visina prinosa pri inokulaciji bila je poveća za 7,78%. Postojala je korelativna zavisnost između količina primenjenog azota i visine prinosa, a linija regresije pokazuje trend rasta prinosa koji nije bio u visokoj korelaciji sa velikim količinama mineralnog azota. Sadržaj proteina bio je povećan za 7,38%

Uticaj međuredne kultivacije i vremena osnovne obrade zemljišta na prinos soje

Timely and correct application of agro technical measures in the production of soybean is a condition for obtaining high and stable yields, both in favorable years and in unfavorable years for production. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of interrelated cultivation and the time of basic soil treatment on soybean yield. One intermediate cultivation increases the yield by an average of 2.45%, by 2.08% for autumn cultivation and 2.82% for spring basic land cultivation. Two intercropping cultivars increase the average yield by 3.54%, by 2.59% for autumn harvesting and 4.49% for spring basic soil cultivation. Spring ground cultivation reduced the yield of 21.33%, and the decrease ranged from 6.45% in favorable year, to 36.21% in the unfavorable year for soybean production.Pravovremena i pravilna primena agrotehničkih mera u proizvodnji soje je uslov za dobijanje visokih i stabilnih prinosa, kako u povoljnim godinama, tako i u nepovoljnim godinama za proizvodnju. Cilj ovih istraživanja je sagledavanje uticaja međuredne kultivacije i vremena osnovne obrade zemljišta na prinos soje. Jedna međuredna kultivacija povećava prinos u proseku za 2,45% i to za 2,08% kod jesenje osnovne obrade i 2,82% kod prolećne osnovne obrade zemljišta. Dve međuredne kultivacije povećavaju prinos soje u proseku za 3,54% i to za 2,59% kod jesenje osnovne obrade i 4,49% kod prolećne osnovne obrade zemljišta. Prolećna osnovna obrada zemljišta smanjuje prinos 21,33%, a smanjenje se kretalo od 6,45% u povoljnoj godini, do 36,21% u nepovoljnoj godini za proizvodnju soje

DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS IN THE PRODUCE OF MAIZE IN FUNCTION OF AGRICULTURE SUSTAINABLE AND RURAL AREAS

Fertilization, as agro-technical step, is irreplaceable in the process of achieving high yields. However, in the aim of sustainable agriculture and rural settlements, it is necessary to establish which systems of fertilization in the function of protecting biodiversity could be implemented in maize production. That is why an experiment was established with different systems and ways of fertilization and during this test hybrid ZP 704 was grown. There was implemented dressing with mineral nitrogen with two doses (125 and 270 kg N/ha), to ploughed maize (in amount of 8 000 kg/ha) as an organic matter and mix of mineral nitrogen (both of dose) and ploughed maize. Also, in the part of the test in which inoculation seeds before sewing was implements, as liquid inoculums there are composite of effective race next class: Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Klebsiella planticola, Beijerinckia Derx. They diagnosed that search parameters (amount of organic substance, the level transformation of organic substance in the organic substance of the soil, index of total nitrogen and yield seed of maize, were increase quite in the different combination ploughed maize and mineral nitrogen). In process of inoculation of seeds, searched elements of the essential mineral elements of soil (total amount of micro-organisms, bacterium scale from period cycle nitrogenous) in minimum and middle dose application mineral nitrogenous had maximum values. It is concluded that for protection of biodiversity and economical organic food production, application mineral dressing could be correct with plough organic substance or with implement diazotrof-a, and in that occasion the amount of mineral nitrogen could be reduce for 40 kg/ha