Analysis of neural responses to increasing social exclusion.

<p>(A) Neural responses to increasing social exclusion in the mPFC of controls. (B) Between group differences: controls exhibited greater strength in the relationship between increasing exclusion and brain activity in the mPFC than patients. All images are thresholded at p<0.05 corrected. Bottom right: plot of the parameter estimates for increasing social exclusion averaged across voxels in a 10 mm diameter sphere centred at (6,38,−4). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.</p

Group comparison in the strength of the relationship between increasing social exclusion and brain activity.

<p>Coordinates (x, y, z) reported in MNI space; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex. All results significant at p<0.05 corrected. The Z value of the peak voxel of the region is reported.</p

Patient and control details.

<p>Values are mean ± DS; NART, National Adult Reading Test; BDI, Beck depression inventory; SP, Spielberg anxiety scale; RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; (*) significant difference between groups.</p

Correlation with positive symptoms in schizophrenia.

<p>Red: controls showed significantly stronger neural responses to increasing social exclusion than patients. Green: mPFC correlation between increasing exclusion and brain activity modulated by positive symptoms. Yellow: overlap between the Red and Green regions.</p

Within group brain activations as social exclusion increases or decreases.

<p>Coordinates (x, y, z) reported in MNI space; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; <i>r</i>/<i>l</i> = right/left. All results significant at p<0.05 corrected. The Z value of the peak voxel of the region is reported.</p