53 research outputs found
The impact of genotype and environmental conditions on malt quality parameters of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
JeÄam namijenjen za slaÄenje mora udovoljiti posebnim zahtjevima koje postavlja industrija piva. Sladarsku kakvoÄu uvjetuje genotip, iako znaÄajan utjecaj imaju i okoliÅ”ni uvjeti kao Å”to su tip tla te fluktuacije u temperaturi i padalinama tijekom uzgoja. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio na temelju odabranih ozimih kultivara jeÄma uzgojenih na razliÄitim agroekoloÅ”kim podruÄjima ispitati utjecaj genotipa i okoliÅ”nih uvjeta na sladarsku kakvoÄu. U istraživanju su koriÅ”tena tri kultivara ozimog jeÄma, a pokus je postavljen na Äetiri lokacije (tla razliÄite plodnosti) tijekom tri vegetacijske godine. U radu je odreÄena kakvoÄa zrna jeÄma koji je mikroslaÄenjem preveden u slad. Laboratorijskim ispitivanjima odreÄena je kakvoÄa slada koja je obuhvatila parametre koji opisuju citolitiÄku, amilolitiÄku i proteolitiÄku razgraÄenost slada. Primjenom visokotlaÄne tekuÄinske kromatografije obrnutih faza (RP-HPLC) odreÄena je hordeinska frakcija skladiÅ”nih bjelanÄevina u zrnu jeÄma i u dobivenom sladu u svrhu odreÄivanja njihove razgraÄenosti tijekom slaÄenja.
Na temelju dobivenih rezultata za koliÄinu ekstrakta, znaÄajnog parametra u ocjeni slada, izmeÄu ispitivanih kultivara nije utvrÄena statistiÄki opravdana razlika, ali je postojala znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu ispitivanih godina i lokacija. StatistiÄka znaÄajnost razlika u prosjeÄnim vrijednostima koliÄine bjelanÄevina u zrnu jeÄma ukazuje na klimatsku varijabilnost istraživanih vegetacijskih razdoblja te na veliki utjecaj genotipa i okoliÅ”nih uvjeta na formiranje udjela bjelanÄevina u zrnu. KoliÄina Ī²-glukana u sladu ukazuje na znaÄajnost razlika izmeÄu kultivara, kao i na utjecaj godine i lokacije na ispitivano svojstvo. Prema prosjeÄnim vrijednostima, kultivar Vanessa pokazao je znaÄajnije veÄu aktivnost u pogledu citolitiÄke, amilolitiÄke i proteolitiÄke razgraÄenosti u odnosu na kultivare Zlatko i Barun, iako je u prosjeku imao veÄi udio bjelanÄevina u zrnu. Korelacijska analiza pokazala je da je veÄina parametara sladarske kakvoÄe visoko meÄusobno povezana bilo u pozitivnom i ili u negativnom smjeru. Ekstrakt slada znaÄajno negativno korelira s koliÄinom hordeina u zrnu jeÄma i koliÄinom Ī²-glukana. PromatrajuÄi utjecaj pojedinih hordeinskih skupina, uoÄljiv je izrazito jak negativan utjecaj B skupine hordeina na ekstrakt slada. Procjena stupnja razgraÄenosti hordeina tijekom slaÄenja u velikoj mjeri odražava promjene koje se dogaÄaju s bjelanÄevinama zrna jeÄma tijekom slaÄenja te jasno pokazuje razlike izmeÄu kultivara vezano uz razgraÄenost bjelanÄevina.
Provedbom pokusa i prouÄavanjem znaÄajnosti utjecaja okoliÅ”nih uvjeta na kakvoÄu zrna i slada dobiveni su vrijedni podaci o uÄinku genotipa u datim okolnostima koji Äe se moÄi koristiti pri procjeni stabilnosti parametara sladarske kakvoÄe u selekciji genotipova pogodnih za naÅ”e uzgojno podruÄje.Barley aimed for malt production must meet a special requirements proposed by brewing industry. Malting quality is controlled by genotype, although environmental conditions like temperature and precipitation fluctuations have also significant influence on malt quality. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of genotype and environmental conditions, based on selection of winter cultivars grown at different agroecological environments, on malting quality. This study included three winter type barley cultivars and field trials were conducted at four different locations (different soil fertility) during three vegetation years. Prior to micromalting barley grain quality was determined. Quality of malt was determined by laboratory analysis of parameters of cytolytic, amilolytic and proteolytic degradation of malt. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was applied for determination of endosperm hordein fractions in barley grain and in malt, with aim to determine the hordein degradation during malting.
Based on obtained results for malt extract content, which is important parameter in malt evaluation, there was no evidence that would point out the statistically significant difference between years and locations included in this study. Statistically significant difference among average values of barley grain protein content points to the climate variability of investigated vegetation periods and to the great impact of genotype and environmental conditions on a barley grain protein formation. The results of Ī²-glucan content in malt showed significant difference between cultivars. Significant impact of year and location on this parameter was also noticed. According to average values, cultivar Vanessa showed significantly higher activity of enzymes in terms of cytolytic, amilolytic and proteolytic degradation of the endosperm when compared to cultivars Zlatko and Barun, in spite of higher average grain protein content. The results of the analysis of linear correlation carried out on the particular malt quality data obtained showed high coherence either in positive or negative direction. Malt extract content significantly negatively correlates with barley grain protein content and Ī²-glucan content. Observing the impact of the individual hordein groups, the significantly negative impact of the B hordein on malt extract content was noticed. One of the important physical-chemical changes that occur during malting is degradation of the hordein proteins and conversion to soluble paptides and amino acids. Assessment of the rate of hordein degradation clearly indicates differences among cultivars in term of protein degradation.
Implementation of the field trial and study on the impact of the environmental conditions on barley grain and malt quality gives valuable data on genotype effect in given circumstances that will be used for malt quality parameters stability estimation in selection of genotypes of favorable breeding value
Malting quality indicators of Croatian dual-purpose barley varieties
Malting barley varieties usually demand higher expences than feed varieties, at least as far as management practice is concerned. For this reason, many growers in Croatia search for a quality replacement of malting varieties. Croatian market allows dual-purpose varieties, but strict quality parameters have to be met in order for a variety to be recognized as a malting/feed variety. The aim of this research was to preliminary assess the malting quality of several malting, feed and multipurpose (dual or combined) malting/feed barley varieties. 11 barley varieties were grown in Osijek area during 2011: seven malting/feed (M/F), two malting (M) and two feed barley varieties (F). The suitability for the beer production was assessed according to the malting quality indicators, determined by using standard methods of analytica EBC (European Brewing Convention). As expected, both malting varieties (Vanessa and Tiffany) demonstrated the best malting quality parameters. Most of the combined malting/feed varieties were within recommended values, except Maxim, Lukas and Gazda, which showed the lowest results in friability. Considering that the results were collected and evaluated over a period of one year, this study was taken as a good pointer to future, longer lasting investigations
POVEZANOST RAÄUNALNE ANALIZE SLIKE S JAÄINOM GLUTENA PÅ ENICE
The objective of this study was to determine bread slice medium part properties in relation to quality parameters with a focus on gluten strength. Since sensory evaluation of bread is time consuming, expensive and subjective in nature, computerized image analysis was applied as objective method of bread crumb quality evaluation. Gluten Index method was applied as fast and reliable tool for defining gluten strength of wheat. Significant (P90) Ana, Demetra, Klara, Srpanjka and Divana have shown trend to give unequal and bigger crumb grains while cultivars Golubica, Barbara, Žitarka, Kata and Sana with optimal gluten strength (GI= 60-90) have shown finer and uniform crumb grain.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost parametara izgleda sredine kruha i kakvoÄe pÅ”enice, s naglaskom na jaÄinu glutena. BuduÄi da je senzorska procjena kruha vremenski zahtjevna, skupa i relativno subjektivna, u procjeni izgleda sredine kruha koriÅ”tena je raÄunalna analiza slike kao objektivna metoda. JaÄina glutena pÅ”enice odreÄena je brzom i pouzdanom gluten indeks metodom. StatistiÄki znaÄajna (p90), Anu, Demetru, Klaru, Srpanjku i Divanu, karakterizira neujednaÄena poroznost sredine kruha s velikim Å”upljinama, za razliku od kultivara Golubice, Barbare, Žitarke, Kate i Sane s optimalnom vrijednoÅ”Äu gluten indeksa (GI= 60-90), Äija je poroznost, s obzirom na manje Å”upljine, bila ujednaÄenija
The Relation between Dough Rheology and Bread Crumb Properties in Winter Wheat
The present paper is focused on rheology dough properties of winter wheat cultivars in relation to bread crumb properties. The rheological characteristics of wheat fl our were evaluated by using Farinograph and Extensograph tests. The image analysis for bread crumb grain assessment was applied as alternative technique for more rapid and efficient measurement of bread characteristics. The highest significant positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between bread crumb properties and extensographic parameters: dough energy, maximum dough resistance and resistance to extensibility ratio. Cultivars āKlaraā, āBarbaraā, āŽitarkaā and āGolubicaā have shown finer and uniform bread crumbs with regard to optimal dough physicochemical characteristics
Quality of wheat cultivars created at the Agricultural Institute Osijek in relation to high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW ā GS) composition
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of high molecularweight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) composition of the Glu-1 loci on the quality of winter wheat cultivars created at the Agricultural Institute Osijek.
Materials and Methods: Ten winter wheat cultivars were grown in 4 different locations during two years in a randomized complete block (RCB) experimental design with three repetitions at each location. Samples were collected and subjected to quality analysis and determination of HMW-GS composition by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results: Considering theHMW-GS composition, the most frequent subunit at the Glu-A1 locus was N, at the Glu-B1 locus 7+9 and at the Glu-D1 locus 2+12. The analyzed cultivar Demetra, with subunits 5+10 at the Glu-D1 locus, has shown the best bread-making quality. Among cultivars with subunits 2+12 at the Glu-D1 locus, the cultivars with subunits 7+8 at the Glu-B1 locus have shown on average better characteristics of gluten strength with regard to higher values of Gluten Index and resistance to exstensibility ratio (R/Ext). The results of the linear correlation between quality parameters and HMW-GS composition, expressed as the Glu-1 score, have shown the most significant (P<0.05) influence ofHMW- -GS on Gluten Index r=0.42), dough energy (r=0.48) and dough maximum resistance (r=0.47).
Conclusions: These results indicated that the presence of HMW-GS 5+10 and 7+8 contributes to higher bread-making quality of analyzed cultivars. TheHMW-GS composition has predictive value in quality analysis, therefore, the composition ofHMW-GS at the Glu-1 loci has to be taken into consideration when parents for a bread wheat breeding programme are chosen
Agronomic and Quality Traits of Winter Barley Varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Growing Conditions in Croatia
This paper presents an investigation of the agronomic and quality traits of the barley varieties, their stability and adaptability and specific reactions towards growing conditions in the Republic of Croatia. During four year trials on localities in Tovarnik, Nova Gradiska, Pozega and Osijek we researched 14 winter barley varieties. Interaction effect variety*environment has been explored together with estimation of significant parameters of stability towards grain yield, hectoliter weight, protein and starch content. With usage of cluster analysis it was possible to group varieties considering genotype x environment interaction (GEI). Impact of year, location and variety on grain yield, hectoliter grain weight, protein and starch content has been estimated by analysis of variance. There was no significant difference between two different sowing rates (300 and 450 grains/ m2) for grain yield, hectoliter weight and protein content. There also was no significant interaction of variety*sowing rate for all researched parameters.
Parameters of stability and achieved grain yield show that under favorable growing conditions one can expect better results of varieties āTrenkā and āPrincā with lower stability and variety Barun with higher stability of grain yield. Stability parameters point out varieties āVanessaā, āPlaisantā, āFavoritā and āZlatkoā to have auspicious reaction to grain yield under extensive cultivation conditions but with significantly different levels of grain yield achieved. Cluster analysis for grain yield of the highest clustering similarity level displays five variety groups and variety Princ that does not show tendency to group with none of the other varieties. The first group is made by varieties āBarunā, āZlatkoā and āRexā. The second one consists of varieties āPrometejā and āGvozdā with āBingoā and āSladoranā. āTiffanyā and āVanessaā make special, somewhat detached group of varieties that tend to group together with varieties āFavoritā, āTrenkā, āPlaisantā and āLordā but on the lower grouping level
UTJECAJ GENOTIPA NA OMJER VLAŽNOG GLUTENA I UKUPNIH BJELANÄEVINA ZRNA PÅ ENICE
Gluten proteins are primarily responsible for the end-use wheat quality and quite a number of methods for gluten quality evaluation was suggested and applied. The aim of the work presented here was to examine the genotype effect on the ratio of wet gluten to total protein content (WG/P), as measure of wet gluten production per protein unit. Ten winter wheat cultivars of Agricultural Institute Osijek were included in this study. Signifi cant (P<0.05) difference in
WG/P ratio was noticed among analyzed cultivars. The ratio of the wet gluten to protein content varied within a broad range depending on genotype. The data showed that, with regard to Gluten Index (GI) value, cultivars with WG/P ratio range from 2.7 to 3.0 had optimal baking characteristics of gluten (GI varied between 75 and 90), while cultivars with strong gluten characteristics (GI>90), known as improvers, had WG/P ratio between 2.3 and 2.4. Signifi cant (P<0.05)
negative correlation (r=-0.622) was determined between GI and WG/P ratio.BjelanÄevine glutena imaju kljuÄan utjecaj na kakvoÄu pÅ”enice i preradbenu vrijednost braÅ”na. Cilj rada bio je ispitati u kojoj mjeri je omjer vlažnog glutena i ukupnih bjelanÄevina (WG/P), kao mjera dobivene koliÄine glutena po jedinici ukupnih bjelanÄevina, karakteristika genotipa. U radu je analizirano 10 kultivara ozime pÅ”enice Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek. Kultivari se znaÄajno razlikuju (p<0,05) po vrijednostima omjera WG/P. Kultivari S. Žitarka, Barbara, Žitarka i Golubica s omjerom WG/P izmeÄu 2,7 i 3,0 pokazali su optimalna tehnoloÅ”ka svojstva. Gluten indeks ovih
kultivara kreatao se od 75 do 90, dok su kultivari Srpanjka, Ana i Demetra, inaÄe poznati kao poboljÅ”ivaÄi obzirom na vrijednost GI>90, imali omjer WG/P izmeÄu 2,3 i 2,4. StatistiÄki znaÄajna (p<0,05) negativna korelacija (r=-0,622) utvrÄena je izmeÄu GI i omjera WG/P
ZNAÄAJ VISOKOMOLEKULARNIH PODJEDINICA GLUTENINA U PROCJENI KAKVOÄE PÅ ENICE
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl-sulfat-polyacrilamid-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while the quantitative determination of total HMW-GS was obtained by reversed phase- high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Considering HMW-GS composition, the most frequent subunits at Glu-A1 locus were N, at Glu-B1 locus 7+9 and at Glu-D1 locus 2+12. The cultivars with the GS 5+10 at Glu-D1 locus have shown better technological characteristics in contrast to cultivars with the GS 2+12. The cultivars Žitarka, Srpanjka, Barbara, Klara and Golubica in spite of presence HMW-GS 2+12 have shown very good and good technological properties because they had optimal proportions (>10%) of total HMW-GS. The results of the linear correlation analysis between quality parameters and HMW-GS composition have shown significant (P10%) ukupnih HMW-GS. Rezultati linearne korelacije izmeÄu parametara kakvoÄe i sastava HMW-GS pokazali su znaÄajan (p<0,05) pozitivan utjecaj HMW-GS (Glu-1 bodovi) na sedimentacijsku vrijednost (r=0,55), gluten indeks (r=0,72), energiju tijesta (r=0,61), maksimalni otpor (r=0,64), te omjera otpora i rastezljivosti tijesta (r=0,58). U odnosu na sastav HMW-GS, njihovi udjeli pokazuju znaÄajniji utjecaj na udio proteina (r=0,82), vrijeme razvoja tijesta (r=0,70), stupanj omekÅ”anja (r=-0,90), energiju tijesta (r=0,74) i na volumen kruha (r=0,65)
GRAIN YIELD AND BREWING QUALITY OF BARLEY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Provedeno je istraživanje o proizvodnji ozimog i jarog jeÄma u suodnosu s pivarskom kakvoÄom i urodom zrna u Republici Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1970. do 2002. godine. Analizom uroda zrna na temelju pokusa na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek, sorata koje su bile najzastupljenije u pojedinim petogodiÅ”njim razdobljima u Å”irokoj proizvodnji ustanovili smo poveÄanje uroda zrna od 94 kg/ha/godini kod ozimog jeÄma i 26 kg/ha/godini kod jarog jeÄma.
Analiza pivarske kakvoÄe slada u Republici Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1999. do 2002. godine pokazuje da je ukupno ostvaren sadržaj ekstrakta od 79.19%, razlika ekstrakta od 2.49%, uz maseni udio bjelanÄevina u sladu od 12.53%, te Kolbach indeks od 41.12%, Hartongov broj od 42.36%, viskozitet cp 8.6 od 1.549 mPas i dijastatska snaga od 309 U.WK. UsporeÄujuÄi kakvoÄu slada sorti ozimog i jarog jeÄma, uoÄavamo da su u prosjeku sorte jarog jeÄma u odnosu na ozime imale viÅ”i i nepovoljniji sadržaj bjelanÄevina u sladu, ali povoljniji niži viskozitet i veÄu dijastatsku snagu slada.
U proizvodnji ozimog jeÄma u istraživanom razdoblju najznaÄajnije sorte bile su Mursa, Alpha, Pan, Robur, Sladoran, Plaisant, Rex, Zlatko, Angora, Lord i Barun. U proizvodnji jarog jeÄma u istraživanom razdoblju najznaÄajnije sorte bile su Union, Velebit, Berenice, Jaran, Gimpel, Astor, Scarlett.The investigation into winter and spring barley production in correlation with the brewing quality and yield of grains in the Republic of Croatia from 1970 to 2002 was carried out. The regression analysis of yield of kernels using the data from the State Institute for Statistics, Croatia, shows for this period the annual yield increase by 52 kg/hectare. The yield analysis from the trials at the Osijek Institute of Agriculture with the prevailing varieties in specific five-year periods in the large scale production, an annual increase by 94 kg/hectare/year in winter barley and by 26 kg/hectare in spring barley was found.
The quality analysis in the Republic of Croatia of the period from 1970 to 2002 showed that, in total, the extract content was 79.19%, the extract difference 2.49%, mass portion of proteins in malt 12.53%, Kolbach index 41.12%, Hartong 42.36%, viscosity cp 8.6 1.549 mPas and diastatic power 309 U.WK. When comparing the malt quality in winter and spring barley varieties it was noticed that on average the spring barley varieties vs. the winter barley varieties had a higher and more unfavorable protein content in malt, but lower viscosity and greater diastatic malt power.
In production of winter barley and in investigated thirty year period the most important varieties were Mursa, Alpha, Pan, Robur, Sladoran, Plaisant, Rex, Angora, Zlatko, Lord, Barun and in production of spring barley varieties Union, Velebit, Berenice, Jaran, Gimpel, Astor, Scarlett
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