68 research outputs found

    Stanje i tendencije razvoja u mehanizaciji stočarske proizvodnje

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    The paper presents the results of the research on state and needs of mechanization in animal husbandry in Serbia in 2012. Included are findings in the field of: production of livestock forage and concentrate feeds, cattle husbandry, milk production and cattle fattening, pig meat production, poultry farming, production of eggs and broilers fattening, as well as manure treatment procedures. It has been estimated current state of the volume of production, needs and applied mechanization in the production process in the country and abroad, and the opinion was given on the possibilities of domestic industry to supply the demands for livestock production equipment to meet the domestic needs in terms of quality and volume of production. .U radu su izloženi rezultati istraživanja stanja i potreba mehanizacije u stočarskoj proizvodnji u Srbije za 2012. godinu. Obuhvaćena su saznanja u delu proizvodnje kabastih i koncentrovanih stočnih hraniva, saznanja u oblasti govedarske proizvodnje, proizvodnje mleka i tova junadi, proizvodnje svinjskog mesa, živinarskoj proizvodnji, proizvodnji jaja i tov pilića, kao i postupci sa stajnjakom. Procenjeno je trenutno stanje po pitanju obima proizvodnje, potreba i primenjene mehanizacije u proizvodnim procesima u svetu i kod nas i dato je miÅ”ljenje o mogućnostima domaće industrije da odgovori zadatku proizvodnji opreme u stočarstvu koja bi zadovoljila domaće potrebe po kvalitetu i obimu proizvodnje.

    Unapređene metode tretmana goveđeg stajnjaka

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    On a dairy farm where 2000 milk cows were maintained, crude solid manure deriving from the mixture of excrements and wheat straw, in the ratio of 1 kg straw: 9 l excrements, was subjected to aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. During the experiment, changes of temperature, volume, water contents organic matter contents, pH values, total macroelement contents and their low soluble forms were measured. Crude solid manure was converted by aerobic care into compost within 7 weeks; its volume was decreased by 2.3 times macroelement contents were decreased by 4 times as compared to unit volume of compost obtained by anaerobic care. Therefore, considerably higher economic effectiveness of compost production and application to cultivated areas was achieved.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja koje je sprovedeno na farmi sa 2000 muznih krava. MeÅ”avina naturalnog čvrstog stajnjaka i slame strnih žita u odnosu 1 kg slame sa 9 l ekskremenata, je izlagana aerobnoj i anaerobnoj fermentaciji. Praćene su promene temperature, zapremine, sadržaja vlage sadržaja organske materije, pH vrednosti i sadržaja teÅ”korastvorljivih makroelemenata u masi. Naturalni čvrsti stajnjak je aerobnom fermentacijom prevođen u kompost tokom nege u trajanju od 7 nedelja. Njegova zapremina se smanjila 2.3 puta, a sadržaj makroelemenata je opao 4 puta, u poređenju sa kontrolnim tretmanom dobijanja komposta anaerobnom fermentacijom stajnjaka. Time je postignuta značajno veća efikasnost i ekonomičnost proizvodnje komposta i njegove primene na poljoprivrednim zemljiÅ”tima

    Rezultati osnivanja maŔinskih prstenova i primene maŔina za pripremu sena u brdsko-planinskom području

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    Results of activities on improvement of livestock feeds preparation practices in western Serbia region are presented in this paper. Main achievements are obtained by farmers education and introduction and involvement of specialized machinery for hilly regions in practice. Most of machinery was specialized for quick hay and grass silage preparation. For this purpose six groups of farmers were established. The farmers were trained and registered for operating machinery. They also were obliged to maintain and properly use machinery, as well as train other farmers. Results of these processes during the first year are presented. Enlargement of initially formed groups is expected, along with achievement of full sustainability of machinery rings further work.U radu su prikazani rezultati aktivnosti koje su preduzete u nekim delovima zapadne Srbije, sa izrazilo ekstenzivnom stočarskom proizvodnjom, na unapređenju mera i postupaka pripreme stočne hrane. Unapređenja su postignuta edukacijom farmera i uvođenjem u primenu većeg broja maÅ”ina namenjenih za rad u brdsko-planinskom području. MaÅ”ine su namenjene za uvođenje postupaka brze pripreme sena i pripreme travne silaže u balama. Za tu svrhu je u regionu osnovano Å”est grupu farmera koji su, kao obučeni i ovlaŔćeni rukovaoci, prihvatili obavezu primene maÅ”ina, pravilne eksploatacije i održavanja, kao i obuke drugih farmera za rad. Ovde su prikazani rezultali praćenja rada maÅ”ina i grupa farmera tokom prve sezone primene. Nakon ovoga se očekuje proÅ”irenje postojećih grupa daljim ulaganjem samih farmera, registrovanje maÅ”inskih prstenova i postizanje održivosti i samostalnosti rada udruženja

    Uređaji za obogaćivanje vode kiseonikom na toplovodnim ribnjacima

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    Successful and high yield warm water fish production (mostly carp) is mainly limited by the content of dissolved oxygen in the water. Oxygen content in fish pond water varies according to daily and seasonal fluctuations depending on different factors. Less of oxygen influences the fish health status and yield. From those reasons is very important to monitor the oxygen content continuously and to apply appropriate methods of oxygen content increment when necessary. One of those methods for maintaining the optimal oxygen content is applying of modern devices - aerators. Water aeration is process of forced, mechanical mixing of water and air, which increasing the oxygen content in the water. Aeration can be applied by different methods but originally this means application of specially designed devices for water aeration.U proizvodnji toplovodnih vrsta riba (pre svega Å”arana), sadržaj rastvorenog kiseonika u vodi je jedan od glavnih ograničavajućih faktora uspeÅ”nog gajenja i povećanja prinosa. Sadržaj rastvorenog kiseonika u ribnjačkoj vodi je podložan kako dnevnim tako i sezonalnim fluktuacijama, i zavisi od viÅ”e raznovrsnih faktora. Nedostatak kiseonika utiče preko hemizma vode na zdravlje gajene ribe i mogućnost prirasta. Iz ovih razloga je u savremenom ribarstvu neophodno redovno pratiti sadržaj rastvorenog kiseonika u vodi, te u slučaju pada vrednosti ispod optimalnih, tj. minimalnih vrednosti reagovati nekim od metoda za povećanje sadržaja O2 u vodi. Jedan od načina održavanja poželjnih vrednosti rastvorenog kiseonika (RK) je primena savremenih uređaja - Aeratora. Aeracija vode u Å”irem smislu označava postupak prinudnog, mehanizovanog pospeÅ”ivanja meÅ”anja vode sa atmosferskim vazduhom, sa primarnim ciljem obogaćenja vode kiseonikom. Aeracija se može vrÅ”iti uz pomoć različitih metoda, ali se pod aeracijom u užem smislu smatra upotreba specijalnih za ovu svrhu, i primenu na toplovodnim ribnjacima konstruisanih uređaja

    Uticaj različitih režima rada krovnih ventilatora na raspored koncentracija praŔine u objektu za vezano držanje krava

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    Analysis of roof cooling fans function in several working regimes is presented. The main goal of the research was to define the influence of fan working regime on airborne dust particles concentration. Dust concentration is significant microclimate parameter in the livestock building. Increased dust concentration affects the animal and workers health. During the different fan speeds, the measurements were conducted in characteristic building sections. There were 48 measuring points selected, in 4 height levels, which totally covered the room. Comparative analysis of air flow velocities and dust concentrations showed that this fan setup may give satisfactory results. Certain working regimes were recommended for use, and the third speed step was emphasized.U radu je prikazana analiza rada krovnih ventilatora u viÅ”e režima rada, sa ciljem da se utvrdi uticaj intenziteta rada ventilatora na koncentraciju pojedinih frakcija praÅ”ine. Koncentracija praÅ”ine je bitan pokazatelj kvaliteta mikroklime u proizvodnim objektima. Prisustvo povećanih vrednost koncentracije praÅ”ine nepovoljno se odražava na zdravlje životinja ali i zaposlenih. Ispitivan je uticaj ventilatora pri različitim režimima rada (različitim brzinama rotora), pri čemu su merenja vrÅ”ena u karakterističnim zonama objekta. Merenje temperature i relativne vlažnosti vazduha je izvrÅ”eno u 48 mernih tačaka, na 4 nivoa merenja, čime je objekat u potpunosti pokriven. Analiza rezultata merenja je otkrila kakvi su efekti rada ventilatora u pojedinim zonama objekta. Uporednom analizom sa brzinama strujanja vazduha u pojedinim režimima rada ventilatora, izveden je zaključak da ovakva postavka ventilatora može imati zadovoljavajuće efekte. Preporuka je da se koriste određeni režimi rada, prevashodno treći stepen brzine rotora

    Predlog poboljŔanja ambijentalnih uslova u objektima za tov svinja na farmi 'Vizelj'

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    State of ambient conditions in the finishing pigs fattening unit is analyzed in the paper. Efficiency and productivity of this pig production phase significantly influence the production results of the whole pig farm. Based on the present conditions analysis, this paper should suggest improvements of microclimate conditions in the researched confinements. Existing ambient conditions was monitored in 3 measurement points, disposed in the zones of the fans operation and between them. Measurement results showed the critical zone with the very low ventilation effect. Over the whole room, increased values of airborn pollutants were noticed. According to the results analysis, possible procedures for improvements were considered. Suggested solution includes installation of additional equipment and minor constructional adaptations. Combined effects of the existing and the additional equipment, along with its possibilities for fine regulation, should significantly improve the existing conditions.U radu je analizirano stanje ambijentalnih uslova u objektu za tov svinja. Karakteristično za ove objekte je da se u njima nalaze životinje u zavrÅ”noj, finalnoj fazi lanca proizvodnje svinjskog mesa. Od produktivnosti i ekonomske efikasnosti ove faze proizvodnje, često zavisi uspeh poslovanja cele farme svinja. Cilj rada je da na osnovu detaljne analize postojećeg stanja mikroklime u objektu, a u skladu sa dimenzijama, brojnim stanjem životinja u objektu i rasporeda i efikasnosti postojeće opreme, razmotre potencijalna reÅ”enja poboljÅ”anja stanja mikroklime u objektu. Postojeće stanje ambijenta snimano je u tri merne tačke, raspoređene po objektu tako da se obuhvate zone uticaja ventilatora, ali i zone u kojima je efekat rada ventilatora slabije izražen. Rezultati merenja ukazuju na postojanje problematične zone u objektu u kojoj je efekat provetravanja slab. Međutim, u celom objektu su uočene povećane vrednosti pojedinih zagađivača stajskog vazduha. Na osnovu analize rezultata merenja razmotreni su i potencijalni načini za poboljÅ”anje stanja ambijenta. Predloženo reÅ”enje podrazumeva ugradnju dodatne opreme i manje adaptacije objekta. Kombinovanjem pozitivnih strana postojeće opreme, sa prednostima dodatne opreme uz Å”iroke mogućnosti regulacije, može se očekivati značajan efekat poboljÅ”anja stanja mikroklime u posmatranom objektu

    Efficacy of chlethodim, tepraloxydim and quizalofop-p-tefuryl in controlling Sorghum halepense at the rhizome

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    Possibilities of controlling Sorghum halepense at the rhizome in sugar beet soybean and sunflower crops were studied. Trials were set up using the random block design with four replicates (according to standard EPPO/ /OEPP methods) in the localities of Rimski Å ančevi, Žabalj, Čenej, Glogonjski rit, Ruma Futog, Sivac and Vojka over the 1996-2000 period. The following herbicides were applied: clethodim, tepraloxydim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, cycloxydim haloxyfop-P-methyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, phenoxyprop-P-ethyl quizalofop-P-ethyl, propaquizafop and, the rates of application were registered or lower rates. The weeds were at the 3-6 leaves stage at the time of treatment, and the crops in the early stages of growth. The results showed that the tested herbicides could be successfully used to control Sorghum halepense at the rhizome even when the density is high. Significant differences were neither observered in the efficacies of the higher and lower treatment rates, nor between the evaluations (first and second). No phytotoxicity of the investigated herbicides was recorded.U radu je ispitivana mogućnost suzbijanja Sorghum halepense iz rizoma u usevima Å”ećerne repe, soje i suncokreta. Ogledi su izvedeni na lokalitetima Rimski Å ančevi, Žabalj, Čenej, Glogonjski rit, Ruma, Futog, Sivac i Vojka u periodu 1996-2000. godina, po slučajnom blok sistemu u 4 ponavljanja (saglasno standardnim metodama OEPP/EPPO). Primenjeno je vise herbicida i to kletodim, tepraloksidim, kvizalofop-P-tefuril, cikloksidim, haloksifop-metil fluazifpp-P-butil, fenoksaprop-P-etil, kvizalofop-P-etil i propakvizafop u količinama koje su registrovane za primenu, i manjim. U vreme primene, korovi su bili u fazi 3-6 listova, a usevi u početnim fazama porasta. Rezultati su pokazali da se i u uslovima visoke brojnosti ispitivani herbicidi mogu uspeÅ”no koristiti za suzbijanje Sorghum halepense iz rizoma U toku ogleda nisu uočene značajne razlike u ostvarenoj efikasnosti između viÅ”ih i nižih količina primene, kao ni između ocena (prva i druga ocena).Takođe, nije registrovana ni fitotoksičnost ispitivanih herbicida

    Strength verification of semi-trailer's self-supporting ADR tank body

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    Problematika rada odnosi se na distribuciju opterećenja kroz zonu oslanjanja rezervoara. U radu se potencira značaj uticaja koji konstrukcija oslonih jastuka rezervoara, odnosno interakcija sa donjim postrojem cisterne ima na njegovo ponaÅ”anje i pouzdanost. U radu je razmatrano aktuelno stanje, uz komentar zahteva i kriterijuma koji normativno reguliÅ”u ovaj segment. Osnovni cilj rada je da ukaže na nedoslednost i nepreciznost aktuelne regulative i ponudi način za prevazilaženje uočenih problema primeren stanju tehnike u segmentu identifikacije ponaÅ”anja i verifikacije konstrukcija sa stanoviÅ”ta čvrstoće. U ovom smislu predstavljena je konkretna primena razvijenog metodoloÅ”kog prilaza na primeru specifičnog reÅ”enja oslanjanja samonosećeg ADR rezervoara poluprikolice cisterne u zoni vučnog čepa, uz ilustrativno predstavljanje proračunskih odziva karakterističnih varijanti i režima opterećenja, uključujući sva potrebna pojaÅ”njenja i komentare dobijenih rezultata.This paper analyzes load distribution throughout the tank body suspension zone. It points out the importance of influence that the design of the link between the tank wall and the base of the tank vehicle (suspension cushion zone) has on the structure behaviour and reliability. In this study, the current state is considered, giving comments on the requirements and the criteria which make a normative regulation of this segment. The basic purpose of this study is to point out the inconsistency and inaccuracy of current regulations as well as to offer a technically adequate way of resolving the stated problems in the segment of identification of behaviour and verification of construction from the strength point of view. In addition, we have illustrated how a developed methodological approach has been applied to a particular model of self-supporting ADR tank body of semi-trailers in the fifth wheel coupling pin zone, including the characteristic graphic presentation of carried out calculations and necessary explanation and comments

    Strength verification of semi-trailer's self-supporting ADR tank body

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    Problematika rada odnosi se na distribuciju opterećenja kroz zonu oslanjanja rezervoara. U radu se potencira značaj uticaja koji konstrukcija oslonih jastuka rezervoara, odnosno interakcija sa donjim postrojem cisterne ima na njegovo ponaÅ”anje i pouzdanost. U radu je razmatrano aktuelno stanje, uz komentar zahteva i kriterijuma koji normativno reguliÅ”u ovaj segment. Osnovni cilj rada je da ukaže na nedoslednost i nepreciznost aktuelne regulative i ponudi način za prevazilaženje uočenih problema primeren stanju tehnike u segmentu identifikacije ponaÅ”anja i verifikacije konstrukcija sa stanoviÅ”ta čvrstoće. U ovom smislu predstavljena je konkretna primena razvijenog metodoloÅ”kog prilaza na primeru specifičnog reÅ”enja oslanjanja samonosećeg ADR rezervoara poluprikolice cisterne u zoni vučnog čepa, uz ilustrativno predstavljanje proračunskih odziva karakterističnih varijanti i režima opterećenja, uključujući sva potrebna pojaÅ”njenja i komentare dobijenih rezultata.This paper analyzes load distribution throughout the tank body suspension zone. It points out the importance of influence that the design of the link between the tank wall and the base of the tank vehicle (suspension cushion zone) has on the structure behaviour and reliability. In this study, the current state is considered, giving comments on the requirements and the criteria which make a normative regulation of this segment. The basic purpose of this study is to point out the inconsistency and inaccuracy of current regulations as well as to offer a technically adequate way of resolving the stated problems in the segment of identification of behaviour and verification of construction from the strength point of view. In addition, we have illustrated how a developed methodological approach has been applied to a particular model of self-supporting ADR tank body of semi-trailers in the fifth wheel coupling pin zone, including the characteristic graphic presentation of carried out calculations and necessary explanation and comments

    A new association of ruderal weeds at Pančevački Rit in Serbia

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    A several-year study of distribution, phytocoenological differentiation, floristic composition and structure of ruderal flora and vegetation and relevant anthropogenic influence was conducted at Pančevački Rit in Serbia. Ten clearly distinctive ruderal communities were identified in the study, including the newly formed community Matricario-Helianthetum annuae. This community is a unique combination of transitional ruderal and agrestal vegetation developing spontaneously in close vicinity of intensively cultivated agricultural fields, in which sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), an annual crop, appears and persists subspontaneously and often massively, rendering a physiognomical character to ruderal habitats in which ephemeral ruderal weed vegetation often develops, consisting predominantly of annual plants of Sisymbrion officinalis R.Tx., Lohm. et Prsg.1950
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