Vertical bone augmentation using collagenated or non-collagenated bone substitute materials with or without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a rabbit calvarial model

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine 1) the bone-regenerative effect of porcine bone block materials with or without collagen matrix incorporation, 2) the effect of a collagen barrier, and 3) the effect of adding recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to the experimental groups. Methods Four treatment modalities were applied to rabbit calvaria: 1) deproteinized bovine bone mineral blocks (DBBM), 2) porcine bone blocks with collagen matrix incorporation (PBC), 3) porcine bone blocks alone without collagen matrix incorporation (PB), and 4) PBC blocks covered by a collagen membrane (PBC+M). The experiments were repeated with the addition of rhBMP-2. The animals were sacrificed after either 2 or 12 weeks of healing. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histologic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results Micro-CT indicated adequate volume stability in all block materials. Histologically, the addition of rhBMP-2 increased the amount of newly formed bone (NB) in all the blocks. At 2 weeks, minimal differences were noted among the NB of groups with or without rhBMP-2. At 12 weeks, the PBC+M group with rhBMP-2 presented the greatest NB (P0.05 without rhBMP-2, P<0.05 with rhBMP-2). Conclusions The addition of rhBMP-2 enhanced NB formation in vertical augmentation using bone blocks, and a collagen barrier may augment the effect of rhBMP-2

Prosthetic outcomes and clinical performance of CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia versus porcelain-fused-to-metal implant crowns in the molar region: 1-year results of a RCT

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical performance of monolithic zirconia implant crowns as compared to porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) implant crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six healthy patients received reduced diameter implants in the molar region. Following random allocation, either a monolithic zirconia crown (Mono-ZrO$_{2}$ ) or a (PFM) was inserted. Crown and implant survival rates, modified USPHS criteria, clinical measurements, and interproximal marginal bone level (MBL) were assessed at crown delivery (baseline, BL) and at the 1-year follow-up (1y-FU). Data were analyzed descriptively. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were applied for statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p < .05. RESULTS Thirty-nine Mono-ZrO$_{2}$ and 37 PFM crowns were delivered. At the 1y-FU, one crown in each group was lost due to loss of the implant. Technical complications occurred in the PFM group and were limited to four minor ceramic chippings resulting in a total technical complication rate of 11.1% (p = .024). Anatomical form and color match compared to the adjacent dentition were rated significantly inferior for the Mono-ZrO$_{2}$ crowns. Patient satisfaction was high in both groups at BL (34 Mono-ZrO$_{2}$ 34 PFM) and at 1y-FU (36 Mono-ZrO$_{2}$ 31 PFM). No significant differences between the groups were detected with respect to the change in MBL and to the soft tissue parameters. CONCLUSIONS Monolithic zirconia crowns are a similarly successful alternative option to PFM crowns for restoring single implants in the posterior area

Digital technique for in vivo assessment of internal and marginal fit of fixed dental prostheses

Digital approaches to assess the misfit of fixed dental prostheses have been limited to in vitro evaluation. The present article describes a fully digital technique for the in vivo assessment of the fit of fixed dental prostheses by means of a chairside optical scanner and software for 3-dimensional (3D) analysis. The 3D digital capture is performed in 3 steps: an extraoral scan of the restoration, an intraoral scan of the abutment tooth, and an intraoral registration scan of the restoration positioned on the abutment tooth

Influence of wound closure on the volume stability of particulate and non-particulate GBR materials: an in vitro cone-beam computed tomographic examination. Part II.

Objectives: to test whether GBR with an L-shaped soft-block bone substitute and particulate bone substitute differs from GBR with particulate bone substitute as regards the volume stability of the augmented region during flap closure. Materials and methods: twenty peri-implant box-shaped bone defects were created in 10 pig mandibles. Every bone defect was augmented with each of the following two GBR procedures in turn: control group - particulate xenograft applied buccally + collagen membrane + pins; test group - particulate xenograft applied buccally + L-shaped soft-block xenograft applied buccally and occlusally + collagen membrane + pins. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained before and after wound closure. The horizontal thickness (HT) of the augmented region (bone substitute + membrane) was assessed at the implant shoulder (HT0 mm ) and at 1 mm to 5 mm apical to the implant shoulder (HT1 mm -HT5 mm ). In the test group, the vertical thickness (VT) and 45° thickness (45-T) of the augmented region were measured from the implant shoulder. The changes in HT during flap suturing were calculated as absolute (mm) and relative values (%). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis. Results: the reduction in HT0 mm was 20.5 ± 23.3% (SD) in the control group and 2.4 ± 9.2% (SD) in the test group (P = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in changes in HT1-5 mm between the groups (P > 0.05). In the test group, the reduction in VT amounted to 28.0 ± 11.9% (SD) and the reduction in 45-T amounted to 24.8 ± 10.2% (SD) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: the addition of an L-shaped soft-block bone substitute to a particulate xenograft, covered by a collagen membrane and fixed with pins, significantly improved the horizontal volume stability of the augmented region during wound closure

Influence of wound closure on the volume stability of particulate and non-particulate GBR materials: an in vitro cone-beam computed tomographic examination. Part II

OBJECTIVES To test whether GBR with an L-shaped soft-block bone substitute and particulate bone substitute differs from GBR with particulate bone substitute as regards the volume stability of the augmented region during flap closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty peri-implant box-shaped bone defects were created in 10 pig mandibles. Every bone defect was augmented with each of the following two GBR procedures in turn: control group - particulate xenograft applied buccally + collagen membrane + pins; test group - particulate xenograft applied buccally + L-shaped soft-block xenograft applied buccally and occlusally + collagen membrane + pins. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained before and after wound closure. The horizontal thickness (HT) of the augmented region (bone substitute + membrane) was assessed at the implant shoulder (HT0 mm ) and at 1 mm to 5 mm apical to the implant shoulder (HT1 mm -HT5 mm ). In the test group, the vertical thickness (VT) and 45° thickness (45-T) of the augmented region were measured from the implant shoulder. The changes in HT during flap suturing were calculated as absolute (mm) and relative values (%). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The reduction in HT0 mm was 20.5 ± 23.3% (SD) in the control group and 2.4 ± 9.2% (SD) in the test group (P = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in changes in HT1-5 mm between the groups (P > 0.05). In the test group, the reduction in VT amounted to 28.0 ± 11.9% (SD) and the reduction in 45-T amounted to 24.8 ± 10.2% (SD) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The addition of an L-shaped soft-block bone substitute to a particulate xenograft, covered by a collagen membrane and fixed with pins, significantly improved the horizontal volume stability of the augmented region during wound closure

Guided bone regeneration and abutment connection augment the buccal soft tissue contour: 3-year results of a prospective comparative clinical study

AIM: To test whether implant placement with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) differs from implant placement without GBR regarding the change in marginal mucosal contour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 28 patients, single implants were placed >4 months after tooth extraction. Eighteen implants were completely surrounded by native bone, and no bone augmentation was performed. At 10 implant sites, bone defects and thin bone plates were grafted with deproteinized bovine-derived bone mineral and covered with collagen membrane. Impressions were taken prior to implant placement (baseline), at 3 months before abutment connection, at 6 months immediately after crown insertion, at 1 year, and at 3 years. Models were optically scanned and 3D images were superimposed for the evaluation of mucosal contour changes at the mid-buccal aspect. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to detect differences. RESULTS: From baseline to 6 months, horizontal contour change at the level 1 and 2 mm apical to the mucosal margin measured 0.65 ± 0.74 mm and 0.55 ± 0.56 mm at sites without GBR, and 1.92 ± 0.87 mm and 1.76 ± 0.70 mm at sites with GBR (P < 0.05). In the period from baseline to 1 year, the corresponding values amounted to 0.81 ± 0.67 mm and 0.60 ± 0.55 mm in the group without GBR, and to 1.81 ± 0.86 mm and 1.37 ± 0.62 mm in the group with GBR (P < 0.05). From baseline to 6 months, mucosal margin moved 0.16 ± 0.49 mm in the coronal direction in the group without GBR and 0.82 ± 0.65 mm in the group with GBR (P < 0.05). In the period from baseline to 1 year, vertical change of mucosal margin amounted to 0.64 ± 0.54 mm in the group without GBR and to 1.17 ± 0.53 mm in the GBR group (P < 0.05). From 1 to 3 years, the mucosal contours remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Implant placement with simultaneous GBR resulted in more gain of buccal soft tissue contour in comparison with implant placement without GBR. Abutment connection increased the contour of the marginal mucosa at the augmented and the nonaugmented sites. GBR procedure contributed more to the contour gain than did the abutment connection. The augmented and the nonaugmented ridges exhibited stable peri-implant mucosal contour over a 3-year period

Titanium-zirconium narrow-diameter versus titanium regular-diameter implants for anterior and premolar single crowns: 3-year results of a randomized controlled clinical study.

AIM To test whether titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) 3.3 mm diameter implants perform differently from titanium (Ti) 4.1 mm diameter implants with respect to marginal bone level (MBL) and clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients in need of a single-implant crown in the anterior or premolar regions were enrolled in two centres. Following random allocation, either a Ti-Zr or a Ti implant was inserted. Porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns were inserted 6 months after implantation. Implant survival, change in MBL, clinical parameters, change in mid-facial mucosa and papilla levels, and the occurrence of biological and technical complications were assessed at the 3-year follow-up. RESULTS At 3 years, 32 of the 40 included patients were examined (15 Ti, 17 Ti-Zr). There were no implant failures. From the implant placement to 3 years, the median change in mean MBL amounted to 0.21 mm (mean: -0.31) in the Ti group and 0.10 mm (mean: -0.40) in the Ti-Zr group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the change in MBL, the change in mucosa levels, and the occurrence of complications. CONCLUSIONS Ti-Zr implants with 3.3 mm diameter used for the support of single crowns in the anterior and the premolar regions did not differ from Ti implants with 4.1 mm diameter regarding the clinical performance over a 3-year period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Trueness of intraoral scanners in digitizing specific locations at the margin and intaglio surfaces of intracoronal preparations

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies evaluating the trueness of intraoral scanners (IOSs) at anatomic locations within an intracoronal preparation are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness of digital scans obtained by IOSs at the margin and intaglio surfaces of intracoronal preparations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six IOSs (CEREC Omnicam, E4D, FastScan, iTero, TRIOS, Zfx IntraScan) were used to obtain digital scans of various intracoronal preparations. Standard tessellation language (STL) data sets obtained from a reference scanner and each IOS were superimposed, and the deviation of the digital casts was assessed at multiple measuring points along the margin and intaglio surfaces of each preparation. The Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple Mann-Whitney tests were used to detect differences in trueness (α=.05). RESULTS The overall median trueness values were lowest for TRIOS (23.9 μm), followed by Zfx IntraScan (24.6 μm), iTero (25.4 μm), FastScan (26.1 μm), CEREC Omnicam (26.9 μm), and E4D (77.5 μm). The greatest deviation was generally observed at the line angles between the preparation surfaces. The axiogingival line angle was the most error-prone location in the cavity preparations. An increased tendency to produce a more accurate impression was observed when the cavity had a greater width and more divergent walls. CONCLUSIONS The trueness of digital scans was influenced by the type of IOS and the location within a prepared cavity. The trueness decreased at the line angles between the preparation surfaces, particularly at the axiogingival line angle. Among the tested IOSs, E4D produced the least accurate digital scans