The impact of resistance training program on the muscle strength and bone density in adolescent athletes

© 2018 Saša Bubanj et al., published by Sciendo 2018. Strength training and other modes of physical activity may be beneficial in osteoporosis prevention by maximizing bone mineral accrual in childhood and adolescence. This study focuses on the impact of the nine-month long program of resistant exercises with different level of external loads (low, middle and high) on the lower limbs explosive strength and bone tissue density in athletes adolescents aged 17 to 18 years. Sixty healthy, male athletes and non-athletes, divided into experimental (ES, sprinters, N = 45) and control sub-sample (CS, non-athletes, N = 15), were included in study. ES examinees (EG1, EG2 and EG3) were subjected to the program of resistance exercises with low level (60% of the One Repetition Maximum-1RM), middle level (70% 1RM), and high level (85% 1RM) of external loads, respectively. Bone Density values were determined by the use of a clinical sonometer.,Sahara (Hologic, Inc., MA 02154, USA). Explosive strength values of hip extensors and flexors, knee extensors and flexors, and ankle plantar and dorsiflexors were determined by the use of accelerometer.,Myotest (Sion, Switzerland) and the means of Counter Movement Jump without arms swing (CMJ) and half squat. ANOVA method for repeated measures and ANCOVA method were used to determine significant differences and resistance program effects on the lower limbs explosive strength and bone tissue density. Resistance exercise does impact the explosive strength and bone parameters in a way to increase half squat 1RM values, but decreases CMJ values, and increases speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) values in athletes-adolescents, aged 17-18 years

Obim i intenzitet motorne aktivnosti na časovima fizičkog vaspitanja

The realisation of the majority of objectives of physical education classes is based on the motor activity of students. Previous studies have shown that the activity of students during class is very low (Božović, 2011; Đokić, 2014; Marković et al., 2012; McKenzie, 2006; Simons-Morton, Petrović, 2010; Taylor et al., 1994). The goal of this research was to determine how the motor activity of students in Physical Education classes contributes to the fulfillment of the recommendations related to the physical activity of children. The study of Tudor-Loki and others (Tudor-Locke et al., 2011) indicates that in one day boys should make, on average, between thirteen and fifteen thousand steps, and girls between eleven and twelve thousand steps. In addition, we wanted to determine whether there were any differences in the number of steps made during lessons where different subject areas were covered (athletics, gymnastics, elementary games) and whether the feedback on a realised activity, available during and after practice, can serve as a basis for increasing students’ active time during a lesson and facilitating the planning of the subsequent lessons. In this research, the volume of motor activity is expressed as the number of steps and the measurement was performed with a pedometer. The monitoring of one male student and one female student of the first grade of primary school was carried out during thirty-five classes of different subjects. In the Physical Education class, the respondents realised between 2013 and 4875 steps. They covered the distance ranging between 1309 and 2490 meters. The average intensity of activities during the class was over eighty steps per minute. The smallest number of steps (2254 boys and 2404 girls) and the shortest active time (50%) were realised in the gymnastics class. The biggest number of steps (4721 boys and 4430 girls) and the longest active time (80%) were realised in the athletics class. The primary school teachers involved in the research claim that the information obtained by using a pedometer helps them to plan their lessons and that the data on the number of covered steps can help them evaluate the quality of their lessons in terms of students’ physiological loadPublishe

CROSS COUNTRY RUNNING COMPETITIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Extracurricular activities of students got legal basis by the introduction of school law in 1958, when schools got the obligation to organize extracurricular activities in order to successfully organize students’ education, broadening of social life and students’ free time. Extracurricular activities connected with physical education are: school clubs, competitions, street running, excursions, camping and other activities in nature and public manifestations. Cross country running is running on medium and long tracks in nature. This is one of the most frequent sports events in the world. In primary schools’ plan and programme cross country competitions are integral part of physical education and schools are obliged to organize cross country competitions for all primary schools students. Two cross country competitions are planned for one school year and these are spring cross country running and autumn cross country running. The organization of cross country competition especially for younger primary school students demands serious planning. Students’ age, physiological and psychophysical characteristics must be taken into consideration. In order to have nice memories from their cross country competition, students must be prepared. Preparations of students are obligatory for all school years.Publishe

Comparative study of motor performances of the boys with different body mass indices

© 2019, FACTEACHEREDUCATION. All rights reserved. The goal of this study is to compare motor abilities of the boys with different body mass indices and determine whether the children are obese or overweight, and to what extent their motor skills are inadequate in comparison to normally nourished children. The sample consisted of 180 grade four students, aged 10 (±6 months), from five primary schools in Užice (The Republic of Serbia). On the basis of the BMI results, the sample was divided into four subsamples: malnourished (N=30), normally nourished (N=90), pre-obese (N=30) and obese (N=30). The evaluation of nine motor abilities was conducted by the battery of eighteen tests. The examinees from the group of the malnourished children (AW) achieved the lowest score in 7 out of 18 tests. The group of normally nourished children (NW) did not achieve the worst average score in any of the tests, and in 10 out of 18 tests they achieved the best average score. The group of pre-obese ones (OW) achieved the best average score in 8 out of 18 tests, and the group of obese participants (OB) achieved the lowest average scores on 11 out of 18 tests, and they did not achieve the best average scores in any of the tests. The research results indicate that the groups of pre-obese and obese persons have certain problems in motor dimension in the segment which is related to the showing of muscle strength and power, in the segment of showing speed and in the segment of balance