Let the Judge Speak: Reconsidering the Role of Rehabilitation in Federal Sentencing

(Excerpt) This Note contends that the importance of rehabilitation as a valid and necessary principle of punishment is overlooked in § 3582(a) of the SRA and further argues that a judge should be permitted to consider rehabilitation when deciding to sentence a defendant to a term of imprisonment, so long as rehabilitation is not a dominant factor in coming to that decision. Part I outlines the principles of punishment and the rise and decline of the rehabilitative system of punishment in the United States. It also discusses the importance of rehabilitation and how society could benefit from a system that does not leave rehabilitation by the wayside. Part II discusses the Supreme Court’s ruling in Tapia v. United States and the resulting circuit split concerning the degree to which rehabilitation can be considered when sentencing a criminal defendant to a term of imprisonment in accordance with § 3553(a)(2)(D) and § 3582(a) of the SRA. Finally, Part III recommends that the Supreme Court resolve the circuit split by adopting the Fifth Circuit’s additional justification and dominant factor tests, or alternatively, that Congress amend § 3582(a) so as to permit judges to consider and talk about potential rehabilitation, without fear of being overruled for such discussions, when sentencing a defendant to prison

Let the Judge Speak: Reconsidering the Role of Rehabilitation in Federal Sentencing

(Excerpt) This Note contends that the importance of rehabilitation as a valid and necessary principle of punishment is overlooked in § 3582(a) of the SRA and further argues that a judge should be permitted to consider rehabilitation when deciding to sentence a defendant to a term of imprisonment, so long as rehabilitation is not a dominant factor in coming to that decision. Part I outlines the principles of punishment and the rise and decline of the rehabilitative system of punishment in the United States. It also discusses the importance of rehabilitation and how society could benefit from a system that does not leave rehabilitation by the wayside. Part II discusses the Supreme Court’s ruling in Tapia v. United States and the resulting circuit split concerning the degree to which rehabilitation can be considered when sentencing a criminal defendant to a term of imprisonment in accordance with § 3553(a)(2)(D) and § 3582(a) of the SRA. Finally, Part III recommends that the Supreme Court resolve the circuit split by adopting the Fifth Circuit’s additional justification and dominant factor tests, or alternatively, that Congress amend § 3582(a) so as to permit judges to consider and talk about potential rehabilitation, without fear of being overruled for such discussions, when sentencing a defendant to prison

Коры выветривания доюрских отложений Западно-Сибирской геосинеклизы

Доюрские (вендские, палеозойские) отложения юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской геосинеклизы прошли преобразования последовательно: диагенез и первичный катагенез во время и сразу после окаменения; орогенный этап развития и формирования кор выветривания в перми-триасе; вторично-катагенетические преобразования, начиная с юрского периода. Коры выветривания развиты по всей площади выхода на доюрскую поверхность палеозойских пород в виде маломощной приповерхностной зоны улучшенных коллекторских свойств, в виде кремнисто-глинистых щебнистых масс по отложениям аналогичного состава, а по измененным эффузивам основного состава и туфам развиты бокситы, в том числе переотложенные. В образованиях коры выветривания сформированы коллекторы, совокупность которых именуется нефтегазоносный горизонт зоны контакта. Геометрия сформированных ловушек нефти и газа имеет линейно-вытянутую плащеобразную форму

Overcoming barriers to a successful transition from pediatric to adult care

As life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased dramatically, so has the need for a guided, structured transition from pediatric to adult-focused care. A formalized transition program allows for seamless transfer of patients between providers, helping to ensure continuity of care, and avoid potential declines associated with inconsistent medical care. New CF Center guidelines issued by the CFF strongly recommend that each center establish a transition program for age-appropriate transition to an adult CF clinic. In this article, we explore the remaining barriers to establishing a transition program in a CF Center and offer examples of several successful models. We describe CFF-sponsored and other initiatives that exist to support centers in establishing a transition program and discuss the need for ongoing research in this area

Klinische, radiologische und ganganalytische Ergebnisse nach endoprothetischem Kniegelenksersatz Attune vs. LCS

Als ein wesentlicher Parameter hat sich die Ganganalyse als ein objektives Instrument zu Beurteilung des Bewegungsablaufes etabliert. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Beurteilung des Attune-Implantates als Weiterentwicklung des LCS- Implantates, welches seit Jahren seinen Stellenwert auf dem Markt belegt hat, hinsichtlich Patientenzufriedenheit, klinische, radiologische und ganganalytische Aspekte. Methodik: In einer retrospektiven Vergleich Studie wurden 2015 bis 2016 in einem universitären EPZmax 63 Patienten, bei denen bei primärer Gonarthrose ein Oberflächenersatz in Balance Gap Technik implantiert worden ist, eingeschlossen. Die Parameter der Ganganalyse mit dem Knie TEP versorgten Patienten wurden denen einer gesunden Vergleichsgruppe von 50 Probanden gegenüber gestellt. Es wurden 30 Patienten mit einer Attune-KTEP und 33 Patienten mit einer LCS-KTEP versorgt. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug mindestens 1 Jahr. Die Ganganalysen wurden mit dem 3D-Bewegungsanalysesystem Vicon (Vicon, Oxford, GB) mit 10 Infrarotkameras mit 3 Kraftmessplatten durchgeführt. Prä- und postoperativ wurden eine Ganzbeinaufnahme und Knie seitlich angefertigt. Zur klinischen Evaluation wurden die folgenden Scores erhoben: Knee Society Score (KSS), Forgotten Joint Score (FSJ 12), WOMAC und Patientenzufriedenheit-Test. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung: Der Einsatz von Attune Kniesystems führt zu einem physiologischeren Gangbild und besserem Bewegungsumfang gegenüber dem LCS Kniesystem. Der Bewegungsumfang war in der Attune Gruppe mit 129°+- 16° signifikant höher als in der LCS Gruppe 109°+- 15°, p<0,001. Bei den 29 Fällen signifikanter Unterschiede lagen die Mittelwerte der Parameter für Attune 27 mal näher an den Werten der Gesunden und nur 2 mal für die Gruppe LCS. Diese Studie konnte keine besseren klinischen und/oder radiologischen Ergebnisse des neuen Prothesendesign des Attune Kniesystems aufzeigen. Auch eine bessere Patientenzufriedenheit als beim LCS Kniesystem fand sich nicht

Закономерности синтеза нанодисперсных оксидов меди электролизом на переменном токе в растворе щелочи

Показана возможность получения оксидов меди с высокой площадью удельной поверхности электролизом металлической меди с использованием переменного тока промышленной частоты. Изучены параметры, оказывающие влияние на скорость образования оксидов. Определён фазовый состав и характеристики пористой структуры продуктов электросинтеза в зависимости от режимов проведения процесса

Domestic violence: firearm seizures and lethality assessments: enhancing the police response

Recommends that police procedures in cases of domestic violence include seizing prohibited offender firearms

Experimental studies on shear connection between steel and lightweight concrete using studs

This contribution describes Standard Push-Out Tests carried out at University of Minho (UM) and the Single Push-Out Tests performed at the Institute of Structural Concrete at RWTH Aachen University using high strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC). The test configuration follows the EC4 recommendations and repeats some dispositions referred by other authors. The experimental studies carried out at RWTH and UM include tests on studs with diameters of 19, 22 and 25 mm and also tests on studs of 19 mm diameter, which are grouped in pairs. The purpose of the experiments conducted is to determine the load-bearing capacity as well as the deformation capacity of commonly used headed shear stud when using high strength lightweight concrete. The results from these tests are compared to those from the tests performed with high strength normal weight concrete (NWC)

Toll-like Receptor-4 Regulation of Hepatic Cyp3a11 Metabolism in a Mouse Model of LPS-induced CNS Inflammation

Central nervous system (CNS) infection and inflammation severely reduce the capacity of cytochrome P-450 metabolism in the liver. We developed a mouse model to examine the effects of CNS inflammation on hepatic cytochrome P-450 metabolism. FVB, C57BL/6, and C3H/HeouJ mice were given Escherichia coli LPS (2.5 μg) by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. The CNS inflammatory response was confirmed by the elevation of TNF-α and/or IL-1β proteins in the brain. In all mouse strains, LPS produced a 60–70% loss in hepatic Cyp3a11 expression and activity compared with saline-injected controls. Adrenalectomy did not prevent the loss in Cyp3a11 expression or activity, thereby precluding the involvement of the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis. Endotoxin was detectable (1–10 ng/ml) in serum between 15 and 120 min after ICV dosing of 2.5 μg LPS. Peripheral administration of 2.5 μg LPS by intraperitoneal injection produced similar serum endotoxin levels and a similar loss (60%) in Cyp3a11 expression and activity in the liver. The loss of Cyp3a11 in response to centrally or peripherally administered LPS could not be evoked in Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mutant (C3H/ HeJ) mice, indicating that TLR4 signaling pathways are directly involved in the enzyme loss. In summary, we conclude that LPS is transferred from the brain to the circulation in significant quantities in a model of CNS infection or inflammation. Subsequently, LPS that has reached the circulation stimulates a TLR4-dependent mechanism in the periphery, evoking a reduction in Cyp3a11 expression and metabolism in the liver