A mini-review of essential oils in the South Pacific and their insecticidal properties

Studies on traditional medicinal plants (TMPs) found in the South Pacific that holds potential for the insect controls have been reviewed. Few TMPs are known to have insecticidal properties, however many of those are still unknown in the South Pacific. The information on plants were collected using online databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Springer Open in order to confirm the studies that support the insecticidal properties of plants present in the South Pacific. The following study confirmed that there is a potential for the selected TMPs suggesting enough evidence for their usage in the insecticidal activities. These plants would represent an alter- native in crop protection due to its novel, safe and eco-friendly substitutes for its effective insecticidal properties.

Bioactivity of selected essential oils from medicinal plants found in Fiji against the Spiralling whiteflies (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell)

The concentration of essential oil solutions [0.25%, 0.5% and 5% (v/v)] of five medicinal plants found in the South Pacific (Fiji) were subjected to the whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) in order to assess eventual control activities, by both fumigant and repellent tests. The essential oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. exhibited the strongest fumigant activity against the Spiralling whiteflies with an LC50 value of 0.003% followed by the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (LC50 = 0.004%), Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook F. and Thoms (LC50 = 0.050%), Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (LC50 = 0.113%), and Euodia hortensis forma hortensis (LC50 = 0.114%). The essential oil of M. koenigii (RI=52%) and C. citratus (RI=52%) at 5% (v/v) concentration were found to have a higher repellent toxicity against the Spiralling whiteflies. The chemical composition of the selected essential oils was also determined using GC-MS. The trend in the chemical constituent of essential oils revealed that the phenolic and alcoholic compounds were the major groups of contributors to the tested activities. Thus, these data suggested that essential oils from the selected medicinal plants found in the South Pacific (Fiji) have the potential to be employed in the pesticidal activities

Critical Care Society of Southern Africa adult patient blood management guidelines: 2019 Round-table meeting, CCSSA Congress, Durban, 2018

The CCSSA PBM Guidelines have been developed to improve patient blood management in critically ill patients in southern Africa. These consensus recommendations are based on a rigorous process by experts in the field of critical care who are also practicing in South Africa (SA). The process comprised a Delphi process, a round-table meeting (at the CCSSA National Congress, Durban, 2018), and a review of the best available evidence and international guidelines. The guidelines focus on the broader principles of patient blood management and incorporate transfusion medicine (transfusion guidelines), management of anaemia, optimisation of coagulopathy, and administrative and ethical considerations. There are a mix of low-middle and high-income healthcare structures within southern Africa. Blood products are, however, provided by the same notfor- profit non-governmental organisations to both private and public sectors. There are several challenges related to patient blood management in SA due most notably to a high incidence of anaemia, a frequent shortage of blood products, a small donor population, and a healthcare system under financial strain. The rational and equitable use of blood products is important to ensure best care for as many critically ill patients as possible. The summary of the recommendations provides key practice points for the day-to-day management of critically ill patients. A more detailed description of the evidence used to make these recommendations follows in the full clinical guidelines section.http://www.sajcc.org.za/index.php/SAJCCam2021Critical Car

Nasa/army/bell Xv-15 Tiltrotor Low Noise Terminal Area Operations Flight Research Program

A series of three XV-15 acoustic flight tests have been conducted over a five year period by a NASA/Army/Bell Helicopter team to evaluate the noise reduction potential for tiltrotor aircraft during terminal area operations. Lower hemispherical noise characteristics for a wide range of steady-state terminal area type operating conditions were measured during the phase 1 test and indicated that the takeoff and level flight conditions were not significant contributors to the total noise of tiltrotor operations. Phase 1 results were used to design low noise approach profiles that were tested during the phase 2 and phase 3 tests, which used large area microphone arrays to directly measure the ground noise footprints. Approach profile designs emphasized noise reduction while maintaining handling qualities sufficient for tiltrotor commercial passenger ride comfort and flight safety under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) conditions. This paper will discuss the This paper is declared a work of th..

Solving the linear multiple choice knapsack problem with two objectives: profit and equity

Linear multiple choice knapsack, Balanced resource allocation, Equity, Multiobjective linear programming, Nondominated frontier,