EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON HEAD AND NECK MALIGNANCIES - A STUDY OF 150 CASES

OBJECTIVE: In the present study we investigate the head and Neck Malignancy cases presenting to the ENT department of our Hospital, and analyze the same to give inputs as to the incidence of head and neck malignancies, the symptoms and stage of presentation, lifestyle and habits as contributory risk factors, identify ENT primary in neck secondaries, histopathological types and selection of best treatment.METHODS: Prospective analysis of 150 patients with newly diagnosed malignancies of nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and ear.RESULTS: Most malignancies are common in patients greater than 40 years of age. 88% of cancer occur in males. Oropharynx cancer is the most common cancer in our study, with the commonest subsite as base of tongue. Supraglottic and pyriform fossa tumours are the commonest tumour in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers  respectively. The most common presentation is dysphagia. Synergistic effect of smoking and alcohol is seen in 50% of patients. Most of the cases were seen in stage III and IV except glottis cancer which is predominantly seen in stage I, almost all cases were squamous cell carcinoma.CONCLUSION:The results of our study were in conformity with other similar studies. In larynx, Supraglottic was more common as opposed to glottis in certain western studies. Analysis of various factors helps in early diagnosis and management.KEYWORDS:Cancer, Head and Neck Malignancy, Larynx, pharynx, Nasopharynx, Neck secondaries.

A STUDY ON EFFICACY OF AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET RICH PLASMA IN MYRINGOPLASTY

Objective: To study the efficacy and advantage in using autologus platelet rich plasma during myringoplasty in closure of tympanic membrane perforation   preventing the graft displacement, promoting quicker healing & improving overall outcome.Methods : Platelet rich plasma(PRP) is an autologus platelet rich concentrate prepared from patients own blood  with growth factors up to 8 times that of normal serum and its efficacy when used during myringoplasty is studied.50 patients with chronic otitis media inactive mucosal disease were randomly chosen and 25 of them was the study group and other 25 were the control group. Both group patients underwent myringoplasty and PRP was used in the study group and the results were evaluated.Results: In our study among 25 cases that underwent myringoplasty with use of platelet rich fibrin, 24 had complete tympanic membrane closure and only one failure has been noticed. In controls 5 out of 25 cases had failure. The graft take up rate in our study is comparable with the reference studies. Use of PRP accelerates graft uptake.Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma is a cheap and cost effective platelet concentrate with enriched growth factors. It accelerates the tympanic membrane closure following myringoplasty.

Cooperative Security Against Interdependent Risks

Firms in inter-organizational networks such as supply chains or strategic alliances are exposed to interdependent risks. Interdependent risks are risks that are transferable across partner firms, such as contamination in food supply chains or data breaches in technology networks. They can be decomposed into intrinsic risks a firm faces from its own operations and extrinsic risks transferred from its partners. Firms broadly have access to two security strategies: either they can independently eliminate both intrinsic and extrinsic risks by securing their links with partners, or alternatively, firms can cooperate with partners to eliminate sources of intrinsic risk in the network. First, we develop a graph-theoretic model of interdependent risk and demonstrate that the network-optimal security strategy can be computed in polynomial time via a weighted min-cut network flow algorithm. Then, we use cooperative game-theoretic tools to examine whether and when firms can sustain the network-optimal security strategy via cost-sharing mechanisms that are stable, fair, computable, and implementable via a series of bilateral cost-sharing arrangements. By analyzing commonly employed allocation mechanisms, we uncover a trilemma, that is, it is, in general, challenging to identify cost-sharing mechanisms that are stable, fair, and implementable. We then design a novel cost-sharing mechanism: a restricted variant of the well-known Shapley value, the agreeable allocation, that is easy to compute, bilaterally implementable, belongs to the core, and is fair in a well-defined sense. However, the agreeable allocation need not always exist. Interestingly, we find that in networks with homogeneous cost parameters, the presence of locally dense clusters of connected firms precludes the existence of the agreeable allocation, while the absence of sufficiently dense clusters guarantees its existence

CASE REPORT A CASE OF EPIDERMOID INCLUSION CYST IN THE NASAL VESTIBULE

ABSTRACT                                                                                                                                                    Introduction:  Epidermal inclusion cyst are formed due to trauma or they may be congenital. They are unusual in head and neck region. Epidermal inclusion cyst is rare in nasal vestibular region.                                                                                                                                                                     Case report: To present a case of Epidermal inclusion cyst in the right nasal vestibular region with no history of trauma. Patient had no allergic symptoms. The swelling was non fluctuant and cystic.  All routine investigation normal. The swelling was excised via elliptical incision and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological finding consistent with epidermal inclusion cyst.                                                                                                                                       Conclusion: Epidermal inclusion cyst in nasal vestibular region is rare. In the absence of history of trauma, only clinical examination and histopathology will help in diagnosis.

ODONTOGENIC CYST - CASE REPORT AND REVIEW

ABSTRACT                                                                                                                                                    Introduction:  Odontogenic cysts are defined as epithelial cell lined cysts. Maxillary sinus is closely related to the upper premolar and molar teeth. Any infection / pathology involving the root of these teeth will also have its effect on the maxillary sinus.                                                                                                                                                                       Case report: To present a case of Odontogenic cyst in the left maxillary sinus following history of trauma. Patient complained of swelling. The swelling was bony hard. CT revealed a lesion in the left maxillary sinus with breach in its anterior wall.  All routine investigation normal. The swelling was excised via Caldwell luc approach and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological finding came as odontogenic keratocyst.                                                                                                                                       Conclusion: Odontogenic cysts are difficult to diagnose with clinical findings alone and a combination of clinical,radiological and pathological input will help in proper diagnosis. Most of these odontogenic cysts are defined by their position than by their histology

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted during 2004-05 to 2006-07 at Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore on a slightly alkaline medium fertile sandy clay loam soil to compare the viability and cost effectiveness of grain legume as an intercrop vis-à-vis diverse soil moisture conservation options in rainfed cotton. Here the objective is to find out the suitability of grain legumes as the intercrop to improve productivity and profitability in rainfed cotton in comparison to in-situ land configurations. Results revealed that simple in-situ land configuration measures through furrow opening at each inter-row of a rainfed cotton after last interculture resulted in obtaining significantly higher leaf area index (LAI 3.7), per plant bolls (14.7), burst bolls (10.2) and yield (33.4 g) that enhanced per unit area dry matter production (5,408 kg/ha) and seed cotton yield (1,699 kg/ha) over the control. Yet, growing of a urdbean crop as an intercrop at 1:1 row ratio (in additive series) had an additional yield of 311 kg/ha resulting in realization of the highest seed cotton equivalent yield of 1,902 kg and net return of Rs. 42,805/- per hectare. The intercropping system was remunerative over a range of soil moisture conservation techniques and other pulse based intercropping systems. The intercropping favoured for in terms of both relative production (34.6%) and relative economic efficiency (38.2%) besides obtaining higher nutrient uptake, rainfall use efficiency (33.7 kg/ha-cm), and above all, a better area-time equivalent ratio (1.22).Not Availabl

Biochemical studies on zooplankton from the Laccadive Sea (Lakshadweep)

257-258Carbohydrate, protein and lipid were estimated in copepods, euphausid sp. and mysid sp. collected from the Laccadive Sea. Protein formed the major biochemical constituent followed by lipid. Carbohydrate content was the least ( <6%). The differences in various biochemical components of neritic and oceanic forms were negligible

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Not AvailableAdoption of drip system in ha land of cotton is higher. In view of this it was proposed to develop/standardize a low cost drip system through rigorous testing procedures for optimum efficacy under farm situation and higher profitability. Therefore a field trial was conducted consecutively for three years from 2004 to 2007 at CICR, Coimbatore for comparisons of microtube and polytube - 150, 300 and 450 micron (u) thickness - against the existing drip/conventional ridges-furrow irrigation. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design replicated five times. Results showed that the existing drip system resulted in maximum seed cotton yield (2.71 t/ha) and economics being at par with those obtained under low cost microtube drip systems and poly-tube systems (150, 300 and 450 u thickness) found significantly superior to ridge-furrow irrigation with respect to seed cotton yield. Existing drip system has high annual irrigation cost (Rs.12,594/ha) and it was the least in polytube of 150 u (Rs 7, 273/ha). Moderately higher yield (2.62 t/ha) with all the positive effects (of drip) along with lower cultivation cost (Rs 27,190/ha) were incurred in poly tube drip system with 150 u and ultimately resulted into higher net return (Rs 38,310/ha) and B:C ratio (2.41).Not Availabl

Toxicity of effluent from a titanium dioxide factory on some marine animals

41-42Toxicity of effluent from a titanium dioxide factory containing sulphuric acid residue with soluble iron metallic salts and insoluble material such as silica, etc. on fishes, decapods and molluscs was studied. The effluent caused changes in pH and oxygen depletion of the sea water. Sublethal effects of the precipitate of ferrous salts were also studied. Dilutions of effluent up to 1:150 were LC100 for all organisms used while 1:200 dilution was LC50 for fishes at 36 hr and for other organisms at 48 hr. But death of organisms at this concentration was caused by pH changes and O2 depletion and did not account for the effects of the precipitate. Below this level precipitation started soon after mixing with sea water causing death of organisms by choking their gills and siphons. Dilutions ≤1:1000 were 96 hr LCo