3 research outputs found

    Les mesures nocturnes pour évaluer les flux de CO2 dans les cours d'eau : une étude internationale

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    International audienceGlobally, streams represent major CO2 emitters, accounting for approximately 70% of the total flux from inland waters. Hence, a proper understanding of carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and emissions from streams is crucial for accurately estimating aquatic global carbon emissions. However, diurnal dynamics of these fluxes are still not comprehensively quantified, contributing to a high uncertainty in regional and global carbon budgets. Within the EuroRun project, the 1st Collaborative European Freshwater Science Project for Young Researchers, we aimed to assess spatial and seasonal variability of day- and night-time CO2 fluxes of 34 streams across 11 European countries. CO2 fluxes were measured with drifting flux chambers once per season at midday and midnight. The median CO2 fluxes during the day amounted to 1.4 µmol m-2 h-1 (IQR 0.5 to 3.1) and during the night to 2.1 µmol m-2 h-1 (IQR 0.95 to 3.75). The CO2 fluxes during night exceeded those during day by up to eight times. Interestingly, these differences occurred throughout all seasons and showed no latitudinal patterns. Our results highlight the importance of night-time fluxes to accurately assess CO2 fluxes from streams. As most studies are performed during the day, our survey indicates that global carbon budgets are currently underestimating the amount of CO2 released by streams

    Symptoms associated with button batteries injuries in children: An epidemiological review

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    Objectives: To provide an epidemiological framework of symptoms related to Foreign Body (FB) injuries due to Button Battery (BB). Methods: Data on BB ingestion/inhalation have been obtained from the ButtonBatteryDB. The ButtonBatteryDB is a database collecting information on BB injuries in children (0-18 years of age). Data on 348 BB injures have been derived from the Registry of Foreign Body Injuries "Susy Safe" (269 cases) and from published scientific literature reporting case reports of FB injuries (79 cases). Results: Most of injured children were male and BBs were found more often in the mouth/esophagus/stomach (ICD935) and in the nose (ICD932). Analyzing symptoms related to BB located in the esophagus/mouth/stomach, we found that children had higher probability of experiencing dysphagia (30.19%, 95% C.I. 17.83-42.55), fever and cough (26.42%, 95% C.I. 14.55-38.28), compared to the other symptoms. Referring to the probability that symptoms occurred simultaneously, fever and cough are more likely (3.72%, 95% C.I. 1.0-6-43) to jointly showing up in children with BB in mouth/esophagus/stomach (ICD935), followed by fever and dysphagia (2.66%, 95% C.I. 0.36-4.96) and by fever and irritability/crying, fever and drooling, dysphagia and irritability/crying (2.13% C.I. 0.00-4.19, 95% C.I.). Conclusions: These findings provide new insight in clinical presentation of BB injuries: the identification of unique patterns of symptoms related to BB injuries is useful to perform an early diagnosis (and to guarantee a prompt medical reaction), also when the injury is un-witnessed. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

    The Language Planning Situation in Algeria

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