Spatial Limits of the TCM revisited: Island Effects

The purpose of this paper is to address a problem that may arise with the assumption of a continuous spatial market in the TCM model. We find that this assumption can be challenged by geographical limitations that an area of study might have. Particularly for islands (or isolated island-like areas) that have a valuable non-market resource or good, the spatial market characteristic of the TCM model might be limited or truncated. The geographical truncation limits the observed maximum travel cost of the demand curve falsely implying a lower WTP than otherwise. The study uses a dichotomous choice CVM to confirm that the resulting demand schedules from the TCM underestimates WTP for day trips to the Caribbean National Forest in Puerto Rico. This results in a considerably smaller TCM WTP for the value of recreation sites at $17 to$29 versus $109 per day trip from the dichotomous choice CVM.Marketing,

A Lover\u27s Heart - No, Mind

Third-place winner in the Creative Non-fiction category of the 2019 Emerging Writers Contest. This essay describes the writer\u27s personal reflections on love

Book review: Gramsci’s common sense: inequality and its narratives by Kate Crehan

In Gramsci’s Common Sense: Inequality and its Narratives, Kate Crehan examines a number of core concepts in the work of theorist Antonio Gramsci – including common sense, the subaltern and the intellectual – that can help give precise insight into the emergence and persistence of social inequalities. Drawing on such case studies as the Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street movements, this is a timely and profound account that has much to contribute to understandings of political change, writes Marcos González Hernando

Book review: how think tanks shape social development policies, edited by James McGann, Jillian Rafferty, and Anna Viden

Across the globe, there are more than four thousand policy institutes or think tanks that research or advocate for economic and social development. Yet the relationship between these organizations and the policies they influence is not well understood. How Think Tanks Shape Social Development Policies examines case studies drawn from a range of political and economic systems worldwide to provide a detailed understanding of how think tanks can have an impact on a variety of policy issues. Marcos Gonzalez Hernando finds that this volume’s key contributions lie in its comprehensive literature review and its wealth of experiences and organisational models

Estimating the two-point correlation function of a 3D galaxy distribution.

The distribution of matter in space is not homogeneous. Large structures such as galaxy groups, clusters or big empty spaces called voids can be observed at large scales in the Universe. The large scale structure of the Universe will depend on both the cosmological parameters and the dynamics of galaxy formation and evolution. One of the main observables that allow us to quantify this structure is the two-point correlation function, with which we can trace different galaxy properties such as luminosity, stellar mass and also, it enables us to track its evolution with redshift. In galaxy surveys, we do not obtain the location of galaxies in real space. We obtain our data in what it is called redshift space. This redshift space can be defined as a distortion of the real space generated by the redshift introduced by the peculiar velocities of galaxies and from the Hubble expansion of the Universe. Therefore, the distribution of galaxies in redshift space will look different from the one obtained in real space. These differences between both spaces are small but not negligible, and they depend strictly on the cosmology. In this work, we will assume a ΛCDM cosmology. Therefore, in order to find the different 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional correlations functions, we will use the most updated version of the code provided by the Euclid consortium, which belongs officially to the ESA Euclid mission. Moreover, we will also need different galaxy catalogues. These catalogues have already been simulated and they are called Minerva mocks, which are a set of 300 different cosmological mocks produced with N-body simulations. Finally, as there is a well-defined relation between real and redshift space, one could also assume that there is a relation between the two-point correlation functions in both real and redshift space. In this project, we will prove that the real-space one-dimensional two-point correlation function, which is the physically meaningful one, can be derived from the two-dimensional two-point correlation function in redshift space following a geometrical procedure independent of approximations. This method, in theory, should work for all distance scales

From Negative Rights to Positive Law: Natural Law in Hegel\u27s Outlines of the Philosophy of Right

In this paper I attempt to address an interpretive difficulty that surrounds Hegel\u27s position in the history of jurisprudence. After a brief overview of Hegel\u27s project, I outline the first two sections of the Outlines of the Philosophy of Right in order to support my argument that Hegel advocates a natural law theory of legal validity. I then show that confusions regarding Hegel\u27s place in the history of jurisprudence arise from his view that the ethical evaluation of laws is limited (with some exceptions) to procedural laws that govern the enactment and recognition of laws in the administration of justice. I end by providing Hegel\u27s distinctive argument for legal publicity, which he takes to be essential for the enactment and recognition of valid law

Experimental study on two-dimensional propagating edge flames: cold flow modeling and flame spread rate measurements

This thesis presents the results of an experimental study on two-dimensional, planar propagating edge flames. The results were generated using a new apparatus in which a thin stream of gaseous fuel is injected into a low-speed laminar wind tunnel thereby forming a flammable layer along the centerline. The fuel injector consists of aluminum airfoil with a thin slot in its trailing edge, from which fuel is injected. After the initial stratified fuel/air layer is developed, a flame is ignited near the tunnel outlet, and the flame spreads against the incoming air, toward the fuel source. Experiments were conducted with methane and ethane, with the apparatus mounted vertically such that air and fuel flow is upward while the flame spread is downward. Experiments were conducted with air velocity of 25 to 60 cm/s and fuel flows of 967 to 3036 ccm, resulting in centerline equivalence ratios between 0.5 and 2.0. Experiments results showed that the measured flame speed exceeds the laminar flame spread rate and is a function of the gradient of the equivalence ratio perpendicular to the direction of the flame spread. Prior to conducting the combustion experiments, the apparatus was characterized using a steady-state numerical model of the non-reacting flow developed using the COSMOSFloWorks commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The model provided insights into the behavior of the fuel distribution in the gallery prior to ignition. The COSMOSFloWorks model agreed well with detailed measurements of velocity profiles in the gallery, which were conducted to ensure that the flow field was laminar prior to ignition. The practical extension of this work would be in fire safety in normal and microgravity. Non-uniform mixtures can form in normal gravity at crash sites, along ceiling in mining operations, and fuel spills. Non-uniform mixtures can also form in microgravity and knowing the conditions and possible flame spread phenomenon would be beneficial when designing spacecraft components or terrestrial environments

Spanish regions and sustainable development: measurement of advances from rio to johannesburg through multidimensional synthetic indexes

In the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), the bases for a world sustainable development were set. Ten years later it took place in Johannesburg the World Summit on Sustainable Development, where it was discussed about the fulfilled advances and it favoured actions for century XXI. This document analyses the concern on sustainability in the Spanish regions by means of the creation of a global synthetic index of sustainable development that fulfils three conditions: it is adapted to Pressure-State-Answer principles, it adopts the Local Agenda 21 mandates and it fits in the four basic dimensions of sustainability: institutional, environmental, economic and social. Over the calculation of the changes taken place in the aforementioned decade in a set of selected variables – grouped in indicators and sub-indicators and classified according to the four dimensions aforementioned in the sustainable development – it is proceeded to the estimation of the synthetic index for the Spanish Autonomous Regions, what is useful as an instrument of analysis to make those regions hierarchical according to their degree of adaptation to the sustainability commitment developed in the Summit in Rio. JEL Classification: Q2, R1 Key Words: Sustainable development, regional analysis, Spain