Ain expected impacts and adaptation activities proposed in front of the global change for the North- Central Chubut, Patagonia Argentina

La provincia del Chubut (Patagonia Argentina) posee una riqueza florística importante debido a la presencia de muchos endemismos entre las especies nativas. La biodiversidad vegetal incrementa la eficiencia de uso de los recursos y contribuye a estabilizar el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas frente a factores que los perturben. Los ecosistemas de las zonas áridas se diferencian por su débil capacidad para restablecerse y más de una vez, se torna difícil revertir la degradación a la que son sometidos, por ello reviste importancia tener conocimiento sobre la dinámica y la diversidad florística. En gran parte de la provincia del Chubut se produjo un agravamiento de las condiciones ambientales debido a las sequías iniciadas entre los años 2006 y 2008 y que se prolongaron por 5 a 7 años. Además las erupciones volcánicas ocurridas en 2008 (Volcán Chaitén) y 2011 (Volcán Puyehue) que cubrieron el terreno de cenizas, afectaron la disponibilidad de forraje. Los departamentos del centro-norte de la provincia (Telsen, Gastre, Paso de Indios y Mártires), en estos últimos diez años, fueron los más afectados y sufrieron la mayor pérdida en número de cabezas de ganado. Luego de más de 20 años de recorrer la estepa patagónica, con numerosas campañas de exploración botánica (más de 70) y observando diversos ambientes en diferentes estados de condición con diferentes problemas de degradación, cargas animales y condiciones ambientales (sitios con relevamientos de más de diez años), hemos llegado a percibir los principales impactos esperados del cambio climático global, en los departamentos del centro-norte de Chubut. Por último, se proponen actividades de adaptación frente al impacto del cambio climáticoThe Chubut province (Patagonia Argentina) has an important floristic richness due to the presence of many endemisms among the native species. Plant biodiversity increases the efficiency of resource use and helps to stabilize the functioning of ecosystems against factors that disturb them. The ecosystems of arid zones are differentiated by their weak capacity to re-establish themselves and more than once, it becomes difficult to reverse the degradation to which they are subjected, so it is important to have know ledge about floristic dynamics and diversity. In much of the Chubut province there was an aggravation of environmental conditions due to droughts started between 2006 and 2008 and that lasted for 5 to 7 years. In addition volcanic eruptions occurred in 2008 (Chaitén Volcano) and 2011 (Puyehue Volcano) that covered the ash ground, affected the availability of forage. The departments of the center-north of the province (Telsen, Gastre, Paso de Indios and Mártires), in these last ten years, were the most affected and suffered the greatest loss in number of head of cattle. After numerous field trips during more than 20 years in Patagonian steppe, with numerous botanical exploration campaigns (more than 70) and observing different environments in different condition states, with different problems of degradation, animal loads and environmental conditions (sites with more than ten years of flora censuses), we have come to perceive the main expected impacts of global climate change, in the central-northern departments of Chubut. Finally, adaptation activities are proposed against the impact of climate change.Fil: González Cinthya C.. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Cs.naturales - Sede Trelew. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Llorens, Magdalena. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Cs.naturales - Sede Trelew. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Daniela Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Cs.naturales - Sede Trelew. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

Hysteroscopic findings and intrauterine pathology treatment in Mexican infertile women

Background: Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive approach in gynecologic surgery and one of the main procedures performed on women undergoing fertility treatments. Intrauterine pathology negatively affects fertility by decreasing endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation success, and its prevalence has been reported between 19% and 62%. The aim of our study was to describe the hysteroscopic findings, prevalence of intrauterine pathology, the instruments used for the treatment of structural lesions in Mexican infertile women; and to compare the relationship of positive findings with the type of infertility. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at fertility clinic at a private hospital. Results: We evaluated 191 hysteroscopies; the mean age of women was 35.5+3.2 years and the mean time of infertility 5.7+3.2 years. Primary infertility was the most prevalent (79.1%). In 118 cases (61.8%), uterine cavity abnormalities were diagnosed, the most frequent findings were: polyps (n=51, 26.7%), endometritis (n=30, 15.7%), fibroids (n=15, 7.6 %), synechiae (n=12, 6.5%), and müllerian anomalies (n=10, 5.3%). For structural pathology treatment, cold scissors and bipolar energy were used in 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Overall intrauterine pathology prevalence in our study population was 61.8%. Cold scissors and bipolar energy were used for structural lesions treatment. When comparing the relationship of hysteroscopic findings, no statistically significant difference was found in the presence of positive findings, with the type of infertility.

Estudio de la variabilidad genética de aedes aegypti de dos zonas endémicas para dengue en Paraguay.

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones de Aedes aegypti procedentes de los Departamentos Central y Cordillera del Paraguay.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Variabilidad genética de Aedes aegypti determinada mediante marcadores moleculares, en dos áreas endémicas para dengue en el Paraguay.

El objetivo del trabajo fue comprender la historia evolutiva, la epidemiología de la enfermedad, diseño y mejoramiento de estrategias de control vectorial para áreas endémicas de arbovirosis.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Baja diferenciación genética detectada en dos poblaciones de Aedes aegypti circulantes en Paraguay

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones de Aedes aegypti procedentes de los Departamentos Central y Cordillera del Paraguay.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Quality Appraisal of Nutritional Guidelines to Prevent, Diagnose, and Treat Malnutrition in All Its Forms during Pregnancy

This work aimed to identify clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) that include recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of women’s malnutrition during pregnancy and to evaluate the quality of these guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. We conducted a literature review using PubMed and different websites from January 2009 to February 2021. The quality of the CPGs was independently assessed by reviewers using the AGREE II instrument, which defines guidelines scoring >70% in the overall assessment as “high quality”. The analysis included 43 guidelines. Among the main findings, we identified that only half of the CPGs (51.1%) obtained a final “high quality” evaluation. AGREE II results varied widely across domains and categories. The two domains that obtained the highest scores were scope and purpose with 88.3% (range 39 to 100%) and clarity of presentation with 87.2% (range 25 to 100%). Among the “high quality” CPGs, the best scores were achieved by the three guidelines published by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Due to the importance of maternal nutrition in pregnancy, it is essential to join forces to improve the quality of the guidelines, especially in CPGs that do not meet the reference standards for quality

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field