Frequency distribution of <i>G. duodenalis</i> assemblage E and assemblage A across different age groups.

<p>Sixteen, thirteen, twenty-two, six, and one of fifty-egiht <i>G. duodenalis</i> assemblage E isolates were grouped into calves aged <30 days, 31–60 days, 61–90 days, 91–180 days, and >180 days, respectively. Twelve, four, two, three, and zero of twenty-one <i>G. duodenalis</i> assemblage A isolates were grouped into the corresponding groups.</p

Multilocus characterization of <i>G. duodenalis</i> isolates from dairy cattle based on the sequences of the <i>bg</i>, <i>gdh</i>, and <i>tpi</i> genes.

a<p><b>: Pooled sample.</b></p>b<p><b>: Present study.</b></p

Phylogenetic relationships of <i>G. duodenalis</i> MLGs.

<p>The phylogenetic tree was constructed using a concatenated dataset of the <i>bg</i>, <i>tpi</i>, and <i>gdh</i> gene sequences, and a maximum likelihood analysis and neighbor-joining analysis generated identical topologies. Sequences from this and previous studies are included in the analysis. Bootstrap values >50% are shown. <i>G. duodenalis</i> MLGs identified in this study are indicated by black triangles.</p

Prevalence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> infection on 15 dairy cattle farms in Henan Province.

<p>Prevalence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> infection on 15 dairy cattle farms in Henan Province.</p

Specific locations at which samples were collected in this study. ▴ locations.

<p>Specific locations at which samples were collected in this study. ▴ locations.</p

Intrasubtype substitutions in <i>tpi</i> and <i>gdh</i> of assemblage E.

<p>Intrasubtype substitutions in <i>tpi</i> and <i>gdh</i> of assemblage E.</p

Genotype distributions of the 16s rRNA, <i>bg</i>, <i>gdh</i>, and <i>tpi</i> gene sequences.

<p><b>NR: no result.</b></p

Target, primers, amplicon size, annealing temperature, and main use of the four <i>G. duodenalis</i> genotyping loci.

<p>Target, primers, amplicon size, annealing temperature, and main use of the four <i>G. duodenalis</i> genotyping loci.</p