Additional file 1: Table S1. of Exploring the rice dispensable genome using a metagenome-like assembly strategy

Collection of sequence data. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 7: Table S6. of Exploring the rice dispensable genome using a metagenome-like assembly strategy

Blastn alignment result of the full-length cDNA sequences of 12 O. rufipogon genes to the contigs of the dispensable genome. (DOC 35 kb

Additional file 18: Table S16. of Exploring the rice dispensable genome using a metagenome-like assembly strategy

Functional enrichment analysis of 6302 reference genes involved in the formation of non-reference sequences through exon/intron shuffling. The hmm accession for all the 6302 reference genes was extracted, and the number of genes with a specific hmm accession involved in the formation of non-reference sequences through exon/intron shuffling were compared with the whole genome level to find enriched accessions. In total, 3581 of these 6302 genes and 33,581 genes of the whole genome were annotated by Pfam. (DOC 40 kb

La Petite presse : journal quotidien... / [rédacteur en chef : Balathier Bragelonne]

02 mai 18731873/05/02 (N2551)

Additional file 16: Table S14. of Exploring the rice dispensable genome using a metagenome-like assembly strategy

Sheet 1 shows contigs of the indica dispensable genome that were composed by reads mainly from a subgroup. Sheet 2 shows contigs of the japonica dispensable genome that were composed by reads mainly from a subgroup. Columns 2–4 show the percentage of reads mapped to the contig that belong to each subgroup. (XLS 1556 kb

Additional file 12: of Exploring the rice dispensable genome using a metagenome-like assembly strategy

Supplementary methods. (PDF 356 kb

Pt Skin on AuCu Intermetallic Substrate: A Strategy to Maximize Pt Utilization for Fuel Cells

The dependence on Pt catalysts has been a major issue of proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Strategies to maximize the Pt utilization in catalysts include two main approaches: to put Pt atoms only at the catalyst surface and to further enhance the surface-specific catalytic activity (SA) of Pt. Thus far there has been no practical design that combines these two features into one single catalyst. Here we report a combined computational and experimental study on the design and implementation of Pt-skin catalysts with significantly improved SA toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Through screening, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a Pt-skin structure on AuCu(111) substrate, consisting of 1.5 monolayers of Pt, is found to have an appropriately weakened oxygen affinity, in comparison to that on Pt(111), which would be ideal for ORR catalysis. Such a structure is then realized by substituting the Cu atoms in three surface layers of AuCu intermetallic nanoparticles (AuCu <i>i</i>NPs) with Pt. The resulting Pt-skinned catalyst (denoted as Pt^SAuCu <i>i</i>NPs) has been characterized in depth using synchrotron XRD, XPS, HRTEM, and HAADF-STEM/EDX, such that the Pt-skin structure is unambiguously identified. The thickness of the Pt skin was determined to be less than two atomic layers. Finally the catalytic activity of Pt^SAuCu <i>i</i>NPs toward the ORR was measured via rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry through which it was established that the SA was more than 2 times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Taking into account the ultralow Pt loading in Pt^SAuCu <i>i</i>NPs, the mass-specific catalytic activity (MA) was determined to be 0.56 A/mg_Pt@0.9 V, a value that is well beyond the DOE 2017 target for ORR catalysts (0.44 A/mg_Pt@0.9 V). These findings provide a strategic design and a realizable approach to high-performance and Pt-efficient catalysts for fuel cells

Genome-wide association studies reveal that members of bHLH subfamily 16 share a conserved function in regulating flag leaf angle in rice <i>(Oryza sativa)</i>

<div><p>As a major component of ideal plant architecture, leaf angle especially flag leaf angle (FLA) makes a large contribution to grain yield in rice. We utilized a worldwide germplasm collection to elucidate the genetic basis of FLA that would be helpful for molecular design breeding in rice. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified a total of 40 and 32 QTLs for FLA in Wuhan and Hainan, respectively. Eight QTLs were commonly detected in both conditions. Of these, 2 and 3 QTLs were identified in the <i>indica</i> and <i>japonica</i> subpopulations, respectively. In addition, the candidates of 5 FLA QTLs were verified by haplotype-level association analysis. These results indicate diverse genetic bases for FLA between the <i>indica</i> and <i>japonica</i> subpopulations. Three candidates, <i>OsbHLH153</i>, <i>OsbHLH173</i> and <i>OsbHLH174</i>, quickly responded to BR and IAA involved in plant architecture except for <i>OsbHLH173</i>, whose expression level was too low to be detected; their overexpression in plants increased rice leaf angle. Together with previous studies, it was concluded that all 6 members in bHLH subfamily 16 had the conserved function in regulating FLA in rice. A comparison with our previous GWAS for tiller angle (TA) showed only one QTL had pleiotropic effects on FLA and TA, which explained low similarity of the genetic basis between FLA and TA. An ideal plant architecture is expected to be efficiently developed by combining favorable alleles for FLA from <i>indica</i> with favorable alleles for TA from <i>japonica</i> by inter-subspecies hybridization.</p></div

Significant association loci for rice flag leaf angle detected in both Hainan and Wuhan using the linear mixed model in the germplasm collection.

<p>Significant association loci for rice flag leaf angle detected in both Hainan and Wuhan using the linear mixed model in the germplasm collection.</p

<i>OsbHLH174</i> overexpression transgenic plants showed an increase in the leaf angle.

<p>(A) The morphology of wild type (WT) and <i>OsbHLH174</i>: OX plants, at the seedling, tillering and heading stages. (B) quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of <i>OsbHLH174</i> transcripts in WT and <i>OsbHLH174</i>: OX at the seedling stage. (C) FLA and TSLA of the wild type and <i>OsbHLH174</i>:OX-1 and -2 at the heading stage (<i>P</i>< 0.001, n≥ 5).</p