5 research outputs found
Quantum Computation and Quantum Simulation with Atomic and Solid State Systems.
The ability to manipulate individual quantum systems in a precise way has led to a new era of quantum technologies, including quantum computation and quantum simulation. In this thesis we present several new implementations of these quantum technologies.
We first aim at addressing current experimental challenges for quantum dot based quantum computing. We propose a systematic way to study the dynamics of nuclear spin, which is responsible for the short electron spin coherence time. Our calculation is based on diffusion model and is consistent with experiments. We also invent a novel protocol to realize high-fidelity ultrafast universal quantum gate in recently-developed quantum dot molecule system. Experimental realization of our protocol requires only a simple time engineering of optical pulses.
We then propose a new quantum state transfer scheme for Nitrogen-Vacancy center based quantum computer, which is applicable at room temperature. Our method accomplishes high fidelity robust quantum state transfer through uncontrolled thermal nitrogen spin chain between two remote NV registers.
Our next study helps building a hybrid quantum computer by entangling disparate systems using photonic links. The photons emitted from two types of system need to be matched in both frequency and pulse shape. We propose a simple method to match the emitted pulse shape from two qubit systems with different transition linewidths.
We then focus on quantum simulation with trapped ions. We show the possibility of observing a novel type of temperature driven structural phase transition in trapped ion chain, which originates from anharmonic interaction between different vibrational modes. Afterward, an experimental protocol to simulate a conceptually new state of matter, called time crystal, is proposed based on ions trapped in a ring trap.
Finally, we propose two new applications based on the recently developed trapped ion quantum simulator of spin models: (1) simulation of Haldane-Shastry model, which opens the way of experimental study to a remarkable theoretical model involving spin liquid ground state and fractional excitations (2) observation of prethermalization and dynamical phase transition, which are poorly understood non-equilibrium phenomena in closed quantum many-body system.PhDPhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99847/1/gzx_1.pd
Time optimal quantum state transfer in a fully-connected quantum computer
The speed limit of quantum state transfer (QST) in a system of interacting
particles is not only important for quantum information processing, but also
directly linked to Lieb-Robinson-type bounds that are crucial for understanding
various aspects of quantum many-body physics. For strongly long-range
interacting systems such as a fully-connected quantum computer, such a speed
limit is still unknown. Here we develop a new Quantum Brachistochrone method
that can incorporate inequality constraints on the Hamiltonian. This method
allows us to prove an exactly tight bound on the speed of QST on a subclass of
Hamiltonians experimentally realizable by a fully-connected quantum computer.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted versio
Continuous Symmetry Breaking in a Trapped-Ion Spin Chain
One-dimensional systems exhibiting a continuous symmetry can host quantum
phases of matter with true long-range order only in the presence of
sufficiently long-range interactions. In most physical systems, however, the
interactions are short-ranged, hindering the emergence of such phases in one
dimension. Here we use a one-dimensional trapped-ion quantum simulator to
prepare states with long-range spin order that extends over the system size of
up to spins and is characteristic of the continuous symmetry-breaking
phase of matter. Our preparation relies on simultaneous control over an array
of tightly focused individual-addressing laser beams, generating long-range
spin-spin interactions. We also observe a disordered phase with frustrated
correlations. We further study the phases at different ranges of interaction
and the out-of-equilibrium response to symmetry-breaking perturbations. This
work opens an avenue to study new quantum phases and out-of-equilibrium
dynamics in low-dimensional systems
Stable Tomography for Structured Quantum States
The reconstruction of quantum states from experimental measurements, often
achieved using quantum state tomography (QST), is crucial for the verification
and benchmarking of quantum devices. However, performing QST for a generic
unstructured quantum state requires an enormous number of state copies that
grows \emph{exponentially} with the number of individual quanta in the system,
even for the most optimal measurement settings. Fortunately, many physical
quantum states, such as states generated by noisy, intermediate-scale quantum
computers, are usually structured. In one dimension, such states are expected
to be well approximated by matrix product operators (MPOs) with a finite
matrix/bond dimension independent of the number of qubits, therefore enabling
efficient state representation. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether
efficient QST can be performed for these states in general.
In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap and establish theoretical
guarantees for the stable recovery of MPOs using tools from compressive sensing
and the theory of empirical processes. We begin by studying two types of random
measurement settings: Gaussian measurements and Haar random rank-one Positive
Operator Valued Measures (POVMs). We show that the information contained in an
MPO with a finite bond dimension can be preserved using a number of random
measurements that depends only \emph{linearly} on the number of qubits,
assuming no statistical error of the measurements. We then study MPO-based QST
with physical quantum measurements through Haar random rank-one POVMs that can
be implemented on quantum computers. We prove that only a \emph{polynomial}
number of state copies in the number of qubits is required to guarantee bounded
recovery error of an MPO state